华东某铀矿区周边河流表层沉积物的天然放射性评价

利用高纯锗γ能谱分析仪测量中国华东某铀矿区附近河流沉积物的放射性核素比活度,计算γ辐射吸收剂量率(D)、有效镭浓度(Ra_(eq))、外照射指数(H_(ex))、内照射指数(H_(in))、年有效剂量当量(AEDE(室内和室外))和年性腺剂量当量(AGDE)等放射性参数,并开展沉积物的放射性危害评估,最后通过Pearson线性系数确定放射性核素比活度之间的相关性。结果表明,河流沉积物中放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th和40K的平均比活度分别为51.55、37.32、57.63和756.86 Bq·kg~(-1),除~(226)Ra外,其他放射性核素的比活度均高于中国平均值;距离污染区较远或存在河流稀释作用的区域,沉积物的天然放射性核素处于正常水平,作为建筑材料使用时比活度不存在超标;放射性核素~(238)U、~(226)Ra和~(232)Th之间存在显著相关性。     

磷酸二氢钠去除铀的效果与机理

通过静态实验,研究了不同反应时间、p H值、初始铀浓度、磷酸二氢钠用量、温度等因素对磷酸二氢钠去除溶液中铀的效果的影响,并结合红外光谱、扫描电镜和热重分析等测试结果,探讨了磷酸二氢钠去除铀的机理.结果表明,一定质量的磷酸二氢钠对铀的去除量随着铀初始浓度的增大而增大,随着温度的升高而减小;在p H值为5,磷酸二氢钠用量为2.0 mg时,磷酸二氢钠去除铀的效果最好,铀的去除率高达99%以上;反应在120 min基本达到平衡.红外光谱分析说明磷酸二氢钠主要是通过磷酸二氢根与UO2+2发生络合反应去除溶液中的铀,扫描电镜分析显示反应生产了矿物晶体,热重分析可知该矿物晶体具有很好的热稳定性.     

福建东山岛西埔湾港养生物资源的开发利用

在研究东山岛西埔湾港养生物资源及其开发现状的基础上,指出资源种类逐年减少,年渔获量急剧下降,渔获个体趋于小型化,资源已明显衰退。作者认为过度捕捞是导致西埔湾总渔获量下降的最主要因素。为了保护资源和提高渔获量,必须控制捕捞力量,改善港养环境条件,并采取季节性开闸纳苗和放流增殖措施。     

职业安全健康工作的核心是对人力资源的保护

随着经济和社会的发展,职业安全健康工作越来越受到党和国家领导人的重视。切实做好职业安全健康研究与管理工作是落实科学发展观的基本标志之一,而职业安全健康工作的核心是对人力资源的保护。因此我们要充分认识到加强职业安全健康工作的重要性、必要性和紧迫性,让广大劳动者实现"体面劳动"。一要加强职业安全健康监管,二要借鉴经验完善体制,三要加大相关职业安全健康科学技术研究。只有全面提升人力资源保护,贯彻落实"科技兴安"战略,加强人力资源管理,才能确保劳动者在劳动生产过程中的安全与健康。     

凤眼莲、大薸对铀胁迫的生理生化响应

为探讨凤眼莲和大薸在铀胁迫下的生理生化响应,通过Hoagland水培试验,研究了不同铀质量浓度处理对凤眼莲和大薸的光合色素质量比、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、游离脯氨酸质量比的影响,以及凤眼莲和大薸对铀的富集能力。结果表明:随铀处理质量浓度增大,凤眼莲和大薸体内铀质量比增加,在50 mg/L铀胁迫下,两者体内铀的质量比达1 550.2 mg/kg和963.0mg/kg;在铀的质量浓度为0.1 mg/L时,凤眼莲和大薸的光合色素质量比无显著变化(p>0.05),随着铀质量浓度的增大,光合色素质量比持续降低;在铀的质量浓度为0.1~1 mg/L时,抗氧化酶系统在凤眼莲和大薸缓解较低质量浓度铀胁迫所引起的膜脂过氧化中发挥了重要作用;凤眼莲对铀的耐受能力要强于大薸;高质量浓度(20 mg/L和50 mg/L)铀处理下,凤眼莲和大薸抗氧化酶活性受到抑制;作为渗透调节物质,二者游离脯氨酸质量比均高于对照。     

Employee voice behavior: A meta‐analytic test of the conservation of resources framework

Although voice (i.e. expressing change‐oriented ideas and suggestions) has frequently been investigated as a way for workers to reciprocate to their employers for the positive treatment they receive, much less is known about how workers use voice to deal with stress. This study takes a conservation of resources perspective to examine the relationships among workplace stress, voice behavior, and job performance. We first examined the strength of relationships of three major groups of workplace stressors and strains (job based, social based, and organization based) with voice behavior. We then examined the relationships of voice behavior with performance variables (e.g. in‐role performance and creativity) to investigate how voice may help workers preserve or accumulate resources to enhance their performance. The meta‐analytic findings presented here provide support for a negative relationship between workplace stress and voice and a positive relationship between voice behavior and performance outcomes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海外石油工程项目社会安全应急资源管理实践与思考

随着国际形势的变化,海外社会安全突发事件在全球日益频繁的爆发,应急资源的合理配置和科学管理,成为海外石油工程项目应急管理的重中之重。本文以南苏丹独立为例,重点阐述中国石油天然气集团公司(以下简称集团公司)苏丹石油工程项目应急资源管理的需求分析、资源准备、优化配置和后续管理4个关键环节,总结了相关实践经验,剖析了存在的问题,并提出了社会安全应急资源管理的几点思考。     

体积含水率对铀尾矿氡析出率影响的试验研究

选取我国南方某铀尾矿库的自然尾矿样品,分析了其粒径分布和主要化学成分,设计并制作了测定铀尾矿氡析出率的室内试验装置,采用RAD7氡检测仪测定氡浓度,SM200水分仪测定铀尾矿的体积含水率,并阐述了试验步骤。采用对照试验的方法研究了体积含水率对铀尾矿氡析出率的影响规律。结果表明,随着体积含水率的增加,氡的析出率先上升,当铀尾矿体积含水率达到10%~12%时,氡析出率最高;之后,氡析出率随着铀尾矿体积含水率增加而下降。     

Toxic elements in well water from Malaysia

Toxic elements present in well water that is used for drinking pose a threat to the human health in many countries. However, there are few reports on the toxic elements in well water in Malaysia. Since a native doctor informed us about the increasing number of patients with depigmented skin (vitiligo) in Rosob Village, Sabah State, Malaysia, the origin of diseases associated with well water was suspected. Thus, the concentrations of 15 toxic elements in 52 well water samples from Rosob (n = 21), and the control areas of Pitas (n = 8) and Telaga (n = 23) within the same state were measured. No toxic elements with levels exceeding that of the WHO health-based guidelines were detected in the well water samples from Pitas and Telaga. On the other hand, the concentration levels of arsenic (As), uranium (U), and manganese (Mn), independently found in 19% (4/21), 4.8% (1/21), and 19% (4/21), respectively, of the well water samples from Rosob, exceeded the levels given in the WHO health-based guidelines. In the well water samples from Rosob, the average concentration of Mn was found to be higher and its maximum value with levels up to 10-fold higher, respectively, than the value in the WHO health-based guidelines. Significant correlations between Mn and As and between Mn and U were noted. Thus, for the first time, the results of this pilot study showed that the levels of the toxic elements in 42.9% (9/21) of well water samples from Rosob in Malaysia were higher than the values in WHO health-based guidelines indicating the need for further studies.     

Sustainable development strategies for China's Du Jiang Yan Water Resources Project

China's Du Jiang Yan Irrigation Project, dating back to 256 BC, is one of the world's earliest water resources projects. Although it has been benefiting the Sichuan Basin area for over 2000 years, it is facing increasing problems due to ecological deterioration, over-exploitation from local industries and agriculture, suboptimal resource allocation arising from supply and demand mismatches, and an aging infrastructure. The traditional water resources development model is no longer appropriate for current and future needs of the area. Therefore, a sustainable development framework is envisioned in which population, economy and environment coexist in harmony. Within this framework, major strategies, such as construction and renovation of infrastructure, promotion of water conserving irrigation through non-engineering measures, pollution control and ecological improvements, restructuring of management entities and exploration of new funding sources, are proposed. An evaluation system is also introduced to assess the degree of sustainability and to monitor progress towards a high level of sustainable development.