History and Development of the NRCS Lag Time Equation1

Abstract: Many of the hydrologic methods that are used in engineering practice today resulted from the Spring Flood of 1936, which blanketed the Northeastern portion of the United States. Because of the flood damage that was caused by this rainfall‐snowmelt event, many federal agencies including the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers and the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) implemented the hydrologic theories that were available in the literature at this time and developed hydrologic procedures for design flow estimation. Sherman had recently published his unit hydrograph theory in 1932, and later in 1938 Snyder, who had been charged by the Water Resource Council to develop a synthetic unit hydrograph, published his famous paper. The SCS unit hydrograph theory was developed by Victor Mockus in the late 1950s. Most if not all of the theories at that time reported the rainfall‐runoff process for floods as a surface phenomenon, and as such those theories all required some type of a timing parameter to estimate watershed response time. This article documents the development of the SCS lag equation.     

建设生物防火林带的重要意义

阐述了营造生物防火林带是阻隔林火蔓延、实现"绿色防火"的主要措施,对保障森林资源安全、减少森林灾害的损失将发挥积极作用.     

山东半岛城市群相对资源承载力与竞争力研究

以山东半岛城市群为例，采用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法，计算分析了其2000-2004年相对土地资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力及其演化过程。研究表明：①山东半岛城市群的土地资源对综合承载力的贡献大于经济资源，是山东半岛城市群人口的主要承载资源；②山东半岛城市群的综合承载力超过实际人口数量，处于相对富余状态；③相对资源承载力的地区差异较明湿，淄博、日照处于超载状态，其它处于富余状态；④相对土地资源承载力与相对经济资源承载力的小协调发展是提升山东半岛城市群竞争力需要重点解决的问题。     

四川省宗祠旅游资源分析及其开发利用研究

作为中国传统社会遗留下来的特殊人文景观,宗祠是当今旅游业中的重要支撑资源。四川省宗祠旅游资源类型丰富,拥有以文庙、三国蜀汉文臣武将专祠、文化名人专祠、祭祀同族祖先的祠堂等为代表的资源体系。四川省宗祠旅游资源具有文化内涵深厚、专祠品位高、文物价值大等显著特征,具有良好的开发前景。从规划、宣传、线路开发等多维角度提出了开发利用的建议。     

层次分析法在区域湖泊水资源可持续发展评价中的应用

依据可持续发展理论,区域可持续发展系统一般由人口、资源、环境、经浊和社会五个子系统组成。本文从四个方面（人对资源环境的需求;资源环境的需求;经济发展的需求;社会发展的需求）提出区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的５指标体系。并用层次分析法计算各指标的权重,用于评价区域湖泊水资源可持续发展的保证程度,结果表明：区域湖泊水资源可持续发展指标体系的２６个指标中,与人民群众生活息息相关的居民对水物满意程度（Ｐ１３）     

西部地区农业资源利用的效率分析及政策建议

农业生产能否持续发展直接决定着,区域可持续发展能否实现。农业生产活动以土地资源、水资源作为主要的生态要素．并以化肥等作为外界投入要素。西部地区农业生产用水占用水总量的70％以上,农业也是国家实施退耕还林（草）工程。进行生态建设的主战场。通过计算西部地区备省区的耕地、水资源,化肥等主要农业资源消耗系数。对西部地区主要农业资源的科用效率进行了评价。结果表明：西部地区耕地资源的平均消耗系数为2．68m^2／kg粮食,农业水资源的平均消耗系数为1．10m^2／kg粮食．化肥的平均消耗系数为0．078m^2/kg粮食。根据计算结果,提出了提高西部地区土地资源,水资源以及化肥资源利用效率的政策性建议。     

资源-环境-经济系统协调发展策略研究 --以山东省为例

缓解资源与环境问题对经济社会发展的瓶颈制约是关系全局的战略课题。本文从现代化建设的实际出发。分析了山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展的主要问题。提出了21世纪山东省经济、资源、环境协调发展的目标任务和政策措施。     

Application of a Physical Input–Output Table to Evaluate the Development and Sustainability of Continental Water Resources in Spain

Continental waters are complex resources in terms of a measurable physical quantity, and measuring them requires a good knowledge of total water availability. In this research, an accounting physical input–output table (PIOT) was applied to evaluate total water resources and gross annual availabilities at each stage of the natural-artificial water cycle. These stages are considered subsystems of a continental water resource system describing water transfers for an average year within 13 administrative basins of Spain. Water transfers between various subsystems are characterized by internal flows decreasing the water resource availabilities. The PIOT analysis establishes these internal flows, and the origins and final uses of the total resources for each subsystem. The input-output balance registered an unsustainable negative net accumulation in eight water basins. The PIOT analysis also allowed the calculation of significant indicators such as water resource developments (RDI) and their sustainable use (SUI). RDI and SUI demonstrate that groundwater is a critical resource affecting the environment (e.g., wetlands in the upper Guadiana) and the water supply (e.g., irrigation in the Segura basin). The results of this model suggest that above-/below-ground hydrological links are important when decisions have to be made in order to provide a satisfactory supply of water in Spain. The model integrates the different water basins under territorial criteria, and therefore it may be useful for the Spanish National Hydrological Plan.     

罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区资源保护现状及对策探讨

随着罗布泊野骆驼国家级自然保护区内道路建设、交通运输、旅游探险及各类矿业开发活动日益增多，给珍稀野生动物尤其是主要保护对象野骆驼的生存环境带来较大压力。在这种情况下，保护好保护区荒漠野生动植物物种资源成为亟待解决的问题。在分析现状的基础上，提出了保护对策。     

对节约型社会的几点思考

建设节约型社会是实现我国经济社会可持续发展的必然选择。建立节约型社会需要发挥政府、企业、个人三方面的作用，需要提高全民节约意识，树立科学发展观，进行体制、政策创新及推进技术进步。