大气污染物对降水pH值影响分析

通过多元线性回归定量分析了福州市低层大气污染物对大气降水pH值的影响。分析结果表明低层大气中总悬浮颗粒、二氧化硫浓度与降水pH值负相关,氮氧化物浓度与降水pH值正相关,低层大气中TSP和NOx对降水pH值的影响较大。随着二氧化硫排放量的减少,控制总悬浮颗粒、氮氧化物排放对减少福州市酸性降水的污染具有重要意义。     

典型铬渣污染场地健康风险评价及修复指导限值

通过对青海某化工厂铬渣污染场地钻孔采样,分析了样品质地及铬含量,得到场地的水文地质及铬污染状况.根据场地区域生活现状,运用美国环保局健康风险计算模型,评估了现有条件下该场地对周边居民的潜在健康风险.同时,结合场地的修复目标,应用地下水溶质运移方程及土壤中Cr6+的解吸曲线,探讨了场地污染物的修复指导限值.结果表明:场地表层0～4m为黄土状土,4～22m为砾砂,铬污染区域面积约4×104m2;现有条件下场地Cr6+对人体的健康风险值为9.39,需要对Cr6+进行修复治理,而Cr3+的健康风险值在可接受范围内;通过计算得到场地表层0～4m黄土状土Cr6+的修复值为60mg·kg-1;4～22m砾砂Cr6+修复值为15mg·kg-1.     

松桃河流域氨氮和锰污染特征及生态风险评价

以地处"锰三角"核心区的松桃河流域为研究对象,应用统计学方法对2011～2019年松桃河流域17个监测断面的18个水质指标进行统计分析,重点研究松桃河流域主要污染物氨氮和锰污染特征、时空变异及来源解析,利用商值法、安全阈值法对松桃河流域氨氮和锰的生态风险进行评价.结果表明:松桃河流域主要受到氨氮和锰污染,两者在P<0....     

外源Ni在干旱区绿洲土壤-小麦系统中的迁移及其生物有效性

以西北干旱区绿洲灌淤土为供试土壤,采用盆栽模拟试验和室内分析研究了Ni对小麦的生物效应及其在土壤-小麦系统中的迁移规律.结果表明:Ni在低添加质量分数下能促进小麦生长,但达到临界值240 mg·kg-1后,就会出现明显的毒害作用.随着Ni添加质量分数的增加,各器官中Ni含量也呈增长趋势.小麦根对Ni的富集能力最强,籽粒对Ni的富集能力最弱.随着Ni添加质量分数的增加,土壤中可交换态Ni和碳酸盐结合态Ni所占比例呈增加趋势.对小麦而言,可交换态Ni是生物有效态.     

论价值哲学和环境哲学视角中的环境价值

为了加深对环境价值的认识和促使环境资源核算逐渐逼近人们的期望值,本文首先从环境哲学的视角讨论了环境价值的哲学含义然后又从环境哲学的视角对环境价值的复杂性和多样性作了初步的评价讨论结果表明,目前人们对环境资源的价值内涵的把握虽然有了质的升华．但仍然是不彻底的;因而必须对环境价值进行不懈的探索.     

利用H+浓度变化控制含Cl-的氨氮废水的电解时间

采用电化学间接氧化法处理含Cl^-的中高浓度氨氮废水,针对不同浓度的氨氮废水的电解时间的控制,提出利用废水的H⁺浓度变化控制氨氮废水实际处理时间.从理论计算及对模拟和实际氨氮废水进行电解分析发现：当废水氨氮还没有完全降解时,每一个NH₄⁺降解的过程中会生成一个H⁺,c（H⁺）随着时间线性上升;当氨氮刚好完全降解时,c（H⁺）达到最大值;此后继续电解且废水pH＜7时,电解过程形成的OH^-会持续消耗H⁺,c（H⁺）随着时间线性下降.利用pH计实时监测废水的pH值,通过程控信号转换器进行c（H⁺）与pH值的换算,将pH值信号转化为c（H⁺）信号,可提高决策的准确性和灵敏度.     

中国陆地地表水生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价

根据水生态系统提供服务特点,可将水的生态系统服务功能划分为具有直接使用价值的产品和具有间接使用价值的支持系统功能两大类。在评价中,将我国陆地水生态系统分为河流、水库、湖泊、沼泽4个类型,结合基础数据的可获得性,建立了由生活及工农业供水、水力发电、内陆航运、水产品生产、休闲娱乐5个直接使用价值指标和调蓄洪水、河流输沙、蓄积水分、保持土壤、净化水质、固定碳、维持生物多样性7个间接使用价值指标构成的评价指标体系。以2000年为评价基准年份,对全国陆地水生态系统生态经济价值进行了评价,结果表明,陆地地表水生态系统2000年的直接使用价值为4263.91×10⁸元,间接使用价值为5546.92×10⁸元,总价值为9810.83×10⁸元,相当于2000年我国国内生产总值的10.97%。     

Effect of organic matter and pH on mercury release from soils

An investigation was conducted on the effect of organic matter(OM)and pH on mercury(Hg)release from soils.Hg release flux was measured using the dynamic flux chamber(DFC)combined with the Lumex multifunctional mercury analyzer in both laboratory experiment and field monitoring.The results showed that Hg emission from the OM-added soils was apparently low because of the high affinity of OM to Hg,resulting in the reverse order as the amount of OM addition.Meanwhile,Hg release flux from different pH value soils exhibited the same trend for both Hg~(2 )and Hg_2~(2 )treatment,increasing the Hg flux with pH value of soils increasing.The trend of Hg release in the pH dependence experiment has been well in agreement with that from the field test.In addition,Hg release seemed to be related to its species in the soil,the flux from Hg~(2 )-added soil was obviously higher than that of Hg_2~(2 )-added soil by the laboratory experiment.     

Two alternative modes for di use pollution control in Wuhan City Zoo

Pollution in urban zoos arises from diffuse and small point sources. However, its control has received little attention in past decades. Online and ofttine modes of ecological engineering technology were designed to control pollution from small point and diffuse sources in Wuhan City Zoo, China. Their characteristics and performances were investigated in sixteen runoff events from 2003 to 2005. The results showed that the two modes both improved runoff water quality and had high retention rates for water and pollutants. In the outflows, the event mean concentrations （EMCs） of total suspended solids （TSS）, chemical oxygen demand （COD）, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） were reduced by 88%, 59%, 46% and 71% for the online mode, and those were 77%, 42%, 50% and 66% for the ofttine mode. The annual retention rates of pollutant loads for the online mode were 94.9%-98.5% in the three study years; those for the ofitine mode were 70.5%-86.4%. Based on calculation, the online mode was able to store the runoff of 66.7 mm rainfall completely, and the ofttine mode could store that of 31.3 mm rainfall. In addition, the online mode can provide an effective way for rainwater utilization and good habitats for aquatic wildlives, and has an excellent aesthetics value for recreationsal pastimes. The ofiline mode can save land resources and may be an effective and economical measure for diffuse pollution control in urban areas.     

沿海滩涂围垦生态补偿标准构建——基于能值拓展模型衡量的生态外溢价值

论文综合利用能值分析法、生态足迹法等生态经济学方法,结合Shannon-Wiener指数和生态消费系数构建了沿海滩涂围垦生态补偿能值拓展模型以测算滩涂在各时期的生态外溢价值,并以生态外溢价值改变量作为滩涂围垦生态损害的衡量标准,且以此为生态补偿依据,在生态价值系数调整法的基础上建立了沿海滩涂围垦生态补偿标准。最后以杭州湾新区为例,测算了该区域滩涂围垦过程中各年份生态补偿标准,结果显示,2000—2015年,该区域生态补偿标准从2000年0美元/m²平缓递增到2015年0.05美元/m²。此研究表明,能值拓展模型能有效弥补传统的基于生态服务价值模型的一些不足,使评估标准相对客观化,评估结果动态化和体现对补偿主客体双方意愿的尊重。