基于资源价值重构的土地可持续利用规划研究

基于农地非农化这一全球性现象，对我国现行土地利用规划控制下的农地非农化进行了深刻反思，指出在传统资源配置理论和比较利益原则指导下现行土地利用规划的局限与困境，并对资源配置过程中市场和政府双重失灵所造成的效率损失的根源进行了探究。结果表明，我国残缺的资源价值体系造成的资源价格扭曲，以及现和土地利用规划对扭曲的资源价格的漠视是目前我国资源配置过程中效率损失的根源所在。据此．提出应重新审视现行的土地利用规划．以资源经济学理论为指导，重构土地资源价值体系．并在此基础上。综合可持续发展理论、系统理论及灰色系统理论．构建土地可持续利用规划耦合模型。最后。本文对土地可持续利用规划中存在的问题和未来的研究方向进行了阐述和展望。     

新冠疫情背景下建筑从业人员统计生命价值研究

为研究建筑职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的统计生命价值(VOSL),以成都市建筑从业者为对象采集数据,基于生存分析处理删失数据的特性,运用二分式条件价值法(CVM)和Kaplan-Meier法测算不同背景下的VOSL,运用COX回归对VOSL影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明：成都市建筑从业者在职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的VOSL分别为429.472,459.079万元,生命价值评估具有情境依赖性且存在“引导悖论”;2种风险背景下受访者学历、月收入及安全重视程度的提高均会增强支付意愿,而安全满意程度的提高则会降低支付意愿;职业风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为安全设备保障满意程度、重视程度和学历,新冠疫情风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为卫生安全重视程度、学历和月收入。     

Assessment of the degree of rancidity on reused oils in university cafeterias,and public awareness

In this study, reused sunflower cooking oil was investigated for rancidity. Three student cafeterias at the University of Dodoma (UDOM) were used for this particular study. Oil samples were analyzed at the University of Dodoma laboratories. Results showed that all parameters were beyond permissible limits by WHO/FAO standards. Acid values ranged between 0.841 and 4.319 mg KOH/g oil, which is beyond the allowable limits by WHO/FAO (0.6 mg KOH/g oil). Peroxide values were found to be 19.5 mill eq O₂/kg oil (minimum), and 62 mill eq O₂/kg oil (maximum), which are both above the recommended limits by WHO/FAO (10 mill eq O₂/kg oil). Iodine values were found to be from 102.87 to 48.26-g I₂/100 g oil, and were all beyond the recommended limits by WHO/FAO, of between 118- and 141-g I₂/100 g oil. The study has further revealed that the number of customers that are saved by the three cafeterias exceeds the capacity of the cafeterias. This study also found out that many students (almost 74%) are not aware on general knowledge about rancidity, including health effects of using rancid oils. It is therefore recommended to the national regulatory authorities to formulate strict regulations to guide and control oil rancidity.     

耕地资源价值重建及其货币化评价——以青岛市为例

耕地价值具有多元性,其生态价值和社会价值等非市场价值往往在决策中被忽视,从而导致大量耕地资源被过度地开发及低效利用。科学系统地评价耕地价值是促进耕地资源持续利用的关键。论文以青岛市为例,借鉴资源经济学的市场价值法、替代市场法及成果参照法等研究方法,重建了耕地资源价值体系,并对耕地各项服务功能价值逐一进行了货币化评价。研究结果表明：①青岛市耕地每年提供的服务功能价值高达2.544 1×10¹⁰元,相当于青岛当年地区生产总值的16.76%,是显化的耕地经济价值的4.3倍,若将耕地每年提供的服务功能价值纳入耕地资源利用决策体系,必将有效地抑制过度占用耕地的投资冲动;②青岛市的耕地价值以社会价值为主,占其总价值的50.59%,而经济价值和生态价值分别占其总价值的23.38%和26.03%,其中,耕地的社会价值主要体现在维护社会稳定功能上,占其社会价值的82%;③青岛市的耕地征用补偿标准明显偏低,作为耕地保护主体的农民获得的补偿尚不到工业用地出让价格的10%;④应重新审视“耕地占补平衡”政策的生态环境效应,青岛市为实现区域内耕地总量动态平衡至少付出了3.46×109元（还原利率5%计）的生态代价。     

环境价值链分析在钢铁行业的应用

提出一种环境价值链分析方法,以英国钢铁物流为例进行环境价值链分析,并对我国钢铁行业价值链问题进行分析,结果发现:价值链分析是一种有活力的方法,在探索经济-环境交界面的多种方法中,是物流分析和生命周期分析的一种有利的补充,很有可能被广泛应用。     

Resource defense polygyny shifts to female defense polygyny over the course of the reproductive season of a Neotropical harvestman

Although studies classify the polygynous mating system of a given species into female defense polygyny (FDP) or resource defense polygyny (RDP), the boundary between these two categories is often slight. Males of some species may even shift between these two types of polygyny in response to temporal variation in social and environmental conditions. Here, we examine the mating system of the Neotropical harvestman Acutisoma proximum and, in order to assess if mate acquisition in males corresponds to FDP or RDP, we tested four contrasting predictions derived from the mating system theory. At the beginning of the reproductive season, males fight with other males for the possession of territories on the vegetation where females will later oviposit, as expected in RDP. Females present a marked preference for specific host plant species, and males establish their territories in areas where these host plants are specially abundant, which is also expected in RDP. Later in the reproductive season, males reduce their patrolling activity and focus on defending individual females that are ovipositing inside their territories, as what occurs in FDP. This is the first described case of an arachnid that exhibits a shift in mating system over the reproductive season, revealing that we should be cautious when defining the mating system of a species based on few observations concentrated in a brief period. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

长江河源水环境背景值调查及分析

本文摘要介绍了长江源区主要４条河流中水环境背景值的调查分析结果     

五氯酚标准样品的研制

五氯酚是美国ＥＰＡ公布的１２９种重点污染物名单以及我国环境优先监测污染物黑名单中的重点污染物,也是环境监测和环境科研工作中的主要对象。本文介绍了这种污染物毒理特性和液体介质标准样品的分析、研究、制备方法。     

草场蝗虫的种群密度与受害程度及经济阈值的探讨

以野外实测为基础,应用统计学方法,探讨了天山北坡中段草场蝗虫虫口密度与草场产量的关系,并依此建立了半荒漠草场意大利蝗虫危害防治的经济阈值,即69头／m23令前意大利蝗虫。     

非活性菌丝体对水中铅离子的吸附

从发酵工业选取９种废弃的菌丝体,考察其对水中Ｐｂ离子的吸附行为。结果表明,其中半数菌丝体为Ｐｂ的最大吸附量接近或超过１００ｍｇ／ｇ干重,对林可链霉菌的吸附等温线和ｐＨ值、温度、共存离子等因素影响Ｐｂ离子吸附行为的研究表明,该菌丝体对Ｐｂ的吸附量随ｐＨ降低而升高,温度对吸附的影响不大,共存Ｃｕ＾２＋使Ｐｂ的吸附量降低,而共存Ｚｎ＾２＋无明显影响。