Environmental and genetic causes of maturational differences among rhesus macaque matrilines

Females of many cercopithecine primates live in stable dominance hierarchies that create long-term asymmetries among sets of female relatives (matrilines) in access to limiting resources and shelter from psychosocial stress. Rank-related differences in fitness components are widely documented, but their causes are unclear. Predicted breeding values from an animal model for female age of first reproduction are used to discriminate between shared additive genetic and shared environmental effects among the members of matrilines in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). While age of first reproduction has a modest heritability (≈0.2), breeding values are distributed in a largely random fashion among matrilines and contribute little to the observed rank-related differences in average age of first reproduction. These results support the long-held, but previously unverified, contention that rank-related life history differences in female cercopithecine primates are the result of environmental rather than genetic differences among them.     

德阳市主要农作物生产潜力

本文在简述了农业生产潜力定量测度方法的基础上,计算和分析了德阳市主要作物生产潜力。得出光能利用率低是造成该区作物产量不高的主要原因,各种作物中水稻生产力、生产潜力最大,不同种植制度中水旱轮作生产力、生产潜力最大     

广义多态事件树模型

针对工程系统中普遍存在的反馈关系 ,提出了广义多态事件树的概念 ,利用多值逻辑及集合理论 ,建立了广义多态事件树的数学模型。该模型拓展了一般的事件树模型 ,解决了存在反馈关系的系统的建树难题 ,并且可作为求解大规模复杂多态系统广义最小割集合的一种算法     

Making a stronger case for industrial energy efficiency by quantifying non-energy benefits

This paper describes a more compelling case for industry to promote the non-energy benefits of energy efficiency investments. We do this in two ways to actively appeal to chief executive officers (CEOs) and chief financial officers (CFOs) primary responsibility: to enhance shareholder value. First, we describe the use of a project-by-project corporate financial analysis approach to quantify a broader range of productivity benefits that stem from investments in energy-efficient technologies, including waste reduction and pollution prevention. Second, and perhaps just as important, we present such information in corporate financial terms. These standard, widely-accepted analysis procedures are more credible to industry than the economic modeling done in the past because they are structured in the same way corporate financial analysts perform discounted cashflow investment analyses on individual projects. Case studies including such financial analyses, which quantify both energy and non-energy benefits from investments in energy-efficient technologies, are presented. Experience shows that energy efficiency projects’ non-energy benefits often exceed the value of energy savings, so energy savings should be viewed more correctly as part of the total benefits, rather than the focus of the results. Quantifying the total benefits of energy efficiency projects helps companies understand the financial opportunities of investments in energy-efficient technologies. Making a case for investing in energy-efficient technologies based on energy savings alone has not always proven successful. Evidence suggests, however, that industrial decision makers will understand energy efficiency investments as part of a broader set of parameters that affect company productivity and profitability.     

盐碱湿地鲇鱼资源及其增养殖

鲇鱼是松嫩平原盐碱湿地重要的高值食用鱼类之一。根据近年来对新荒泡鲇鱼的研究,作者报道了其生物学特征、经济价值、资源利用现状及其对新荒泡渔业资源的影响,提出了鲇鱼的增养殖途径及其关键技术。     

城市景观生态价值的边际效用分析法

本文从城市景观价值量的测定出发,引入经济学的效用和边际效用概念．提出城市景观价值量边际效用分析法,在理想状态下,以城市景观结构边际效用递减率为依据。通过面积-效益损益比,揭示城市景观经济效益与环境效益之间的内在联系．结果表明：在城市自然景观面积按比例递减的条件下,不但使环境效益损失趋于无穷大,而且使增加人工景观面积带来的城市经济效益锐减。     

Buying Time: Real and Hypothetical Offers

This article provides the results of a field test of contingent valuation estimates within a willingness to accept framework. Using dichotomous choice questions in telephone–mail–telephone interviews, we compare survey respondents' responses to real and hypothetical offers for the opportunity to spend time in a second set of interviews on an undisclosed topic. Five hundred and forty people were randomly split between the real and hypothetical treatments. Our findings indicate no significant differences between people's choices with real and hypothetical offers. Choice models werenotsignificantly different between real and hypothetical offers.     

干旱地区土地利用结构变化与生态服务价值的关系研究——以酒泉市为例

利用酒泉市1997-2006年土地利用变更调查数据和相关统计资料,计算土地利用结构异质性指数和生态服务价值,分析土地利用结构与生态服务价值的变化及其相互关系.结果表明:1997-2006年酒泉市耕地、林地、园地面积在增加,其中耕地增加最多,增加了9 803.15hm2,牧草地、水域和未利用地面积不断减小,其中牧草地减少最多,减少了207 470.56 hm2;酒泉市土地利用结构多样性指数和均匀度增加而优势度降低,土地利用趋于多样化和均匀化;各类土地的生态服务价值都有不同程度的增加,土地利用生态服务价值总体呈增加趋势;土地利用生态服务价值与土地利用结构线性相关,通过增加牧草地、水域和耕地等生态用地面积,提高土地利用集约度,调整土地利用结构促进土地利用的多样化、均匀化,可以增加生态系统稳定性和提高生态系统服务功能的经济价值.     

尿素法ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价指标体系

采用层次分析法建立了由总到分的递阶层次结构模型评价指标体系,以ADC发泡剂(偶氮二甲酰胺)生产先进企业的数据为基础,确定了各指标的基准值及权重,建立了ADC发泡剂清洁生产评价体系,介绍了定量评价指标和定性评价指标的考核评分计算方法以及企业清洁生产综合评价指数的计算方法.     

围填海工程的生态环境价值损失评估——以江苏省两个典型工程为例

围填海工程对近海生态系统的影响一直是生态学和生态经济学领域广泛关注的焦点。运用直接市场法和替代性市场法（如市场价值法、影子工程法、碳税法、替代成本法、成果参照法等,第Ⅰ类方法）、条件价值评估法（第Ⅱ类方法）两类方法,选取江苏省连云港市海滨新区和南通市通州区滨海新区两个典型的围填海工程为案例,从潮滩湿地生态系统服务功能视角进行了围填海工程生态环境价值损失评估。结果表明：（1）两个典型案例第Ⅰ类方法的评估结果分别为0818 2×10⁸元/a和0696 2×10⁸元/a;（2）第Ⅱ类方法的评估结果分别为1273 9×10⁸元/a和1186 0×10⁸元/a;（3）用两类方法的评估结果作为生态环境损失值区间,可以提高评估结果的准确性。研究结果可为围填海工程生态补偿标准和生态补偿政策制定提供参考