滇池湿地生态系统服务功能价值评估

滇池湿地的直接使用价值包括物质生产价值、供水价值、休闲娱乐价值和科研文化价值;间接使用价值包括生物栖息地功能价值、调节气候功能价值、降解污染功能价值、涵养水源价值和侵蚀控制功能价值。采用机会成本法、影子工程法、替代市场法及生态价值法等评价方法,计算出滇池湿地的各项服务功能总价值为78．778亿元,其中直接使用价值50．116亿元,间接价值为28．662亿元。     

宜昌市工业企业循环经济发展现状及对策

针对宜昌市工业企业循环经济的发展和环境保护现状,分析了工业企业推进循环经济过程中存在的主要问题,并从加强和完善内驱动力、激励机制、政策法规、宣传教育等方面提出了加强循环经济建设和环境保护的对策。     

北京市家具生产企业职业危害抽样调查

本文从北京市家具生产企业最多的区县中,有针对性地选择其中的18家企业进行现场抽样调查,并对其中的11家进行现场检测,研究北京市家具生产企业职业危害现状,通过现场调查和检测结果表明:北京市家具生产企业的管理者对职业危害的重视程度有所提高,但是从业者的自我保护意识仍然淡漠;生产环境不令人满意,作业场所粉尘超标严重;毒物浓度得到较好控制,主要毒物为苯及苯的同系物。该研究可为有关管理部门制定管理政策提供依据。     

化工生产企业员工提高业务素质和安全技能的探讨

针对当前化工生产企业的安全现状,分析了化工生产企业当前存在的问题及其原因,并探讨了应对这些问题的相应对策,以促进员工业务素质和安全技能水平的提高,激发员工"关爱安全,关爱生命"的本能意识。     

生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法研究

随着中国生态环境影响评价的开展,中国正在积极推进生态经济评价预测层次上的环评,对其评价方法提出了更高的要求。当前国内外所用生态价值评价方法缺乏环境与经济相联系起来和在决策中体现生态环评结果的方法,缺乏量化评价指标体系及评价方法,没有从系统的角度考虑一个动态的、复杂系统的环境影响因素。在系统分析生态环境影响评价中经济评价方法的基础上,对吉林省三岔子林业局天然林生态系统中保持水土、涵养水源、调节气候、净化大气等生态价值进行生态环境影响经济分析、预测、评价,首先建立该区天然林生态系统服务价值评估指标体系,并结合野外调查测量及实地数据分析,初步对天然林生态系统价值进行测算;其次利用灰色系统预测分析,对2009年-2028年三岔子林业局天然林生态系统价值进行预测,最后计算出天然林生态系统带来的经济效益。     

集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响

选择山东省寿光市,通过野外调查和室内分析,利用数理统计软件SPSS,系统分析不同土地利用方式下土壤养分的分布特征、变异情况及其相关性,研究集约农区不同土地利用方式对土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,在不同土地利用方式下,各养分含量分布存在明显规律。有机质均值的分布特征是菜地水浇地果园旱地盐碱地;全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷和有效锌均值的分布特征是菜地果园水浇地盐碱地旱地;土壤pH值、交换性镁均值的分布特征为盐碱地旱地水浇地果园菜地;交换性钙在不同利用方式中的含量为盐碱地旱地水浇地菜地果园;有效硼为果园菜地盐碱地水浇地旱地;有效铁为菜地果园水浇地旱地盐碱地;有效铜和有效锰均为果园菜地水浇地盐碱地旱地。水浇地、菜地和果园在各养分含量上差异较小,旱地和盐碱地在各养分含量上较为相似。除pH值外,其它12种土壤养分在不同土地利用方式下变异系数均较高,其中以速效磷的变异系数最大。土壤养分中除了交换性镁、有效硼与其它各养分之间的相关性较低外,其它养分之间基本为显著或极显著相关,其中pH值与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著负相关,有机质与其它各土壤养分均呈现显著或极显著正相关。     

Degradation and detoxification of microcystin-LR in drinking water by sequential use of UV and ozone

Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria are strong hepatotoxins and classified as possible carcinogens.MCs pose a considerable threat to human health through tainted drinking and surface waters.Herein filtrated water from a waterworks in Harbin,China,was spiked with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) extracted from a toxic scum of microcystis aeruginosa,and the spiked sample waters were treated using UV irradiation with consequent ozonation process (UV/O3),compared with ozonation at a dose range commonly applied in water treatment plants,UV irradiation at 254 nm and UV irradiation combined with ozonation (UV+O3),respectively.The remaining of toxins were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and also determined using a protein phosphatase type 2A inhibition assay,which was utilized to evaluate the reduction in toxicity.Results indicated that in comparison to other three processes (O3,UV,and UV+O3),UV/O 3 process could effectively decrease both the concentration and toxicity of MC-LR at 100 μg/L level after 5 min UV irradiation with consequent 5 min ozonation at 0.2 mg/L (below 1 μg/L),while 0.5 mg/L ozone dose was required for the level below 0.1 μg/L.The addition of an UV treatment step to the existing treatment train may induce significant transformation of micropollutants and breaks down the natural organic matters into moieties unfavorable for ozone decomposition,stabilizing the ozone residual.These findings suggested that sequential use of UV and ozone may be a suitable method for the removal of these potentially hazardous microcystins from drinking water.     

Characteristics of contaminants in water and sediment of a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater e uent

Constructed wetland (CW) is the preferred means of controlling water quality because of its natural treatment mechanisms and function as a secondary or tertiary treatment unit. CW is increasingly applied in Korea for secondary e uent of livestock wastewater treatment. This study was conducted to recognize the characteristics of contaminants in the accumulated sediment at the bottom soil layer and to reduce the phosphorus release from sediments of the free water surface CW for the treatment of secondary piggery wastewater e uent from a livestock wastewater treatment facility. The results revealed that the dominant phosphorus existence types at near the inlet of the CW were non-apatite phosphorus (59%) and residual phosphorus (32%) suggesting that most of the particles of the influent are made up of inorganic materials and dead cells. Sediment accumulation is important when determining the long-term maintenance requirements over the lifetime of CW. Continuous monitoring will be performed for a further assessment of the CW system and design.     

Nutritional benefits of filial cannibalism in three-spined sticklebacks (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gasterosteus aculeatus</Emphasis>)

Although filial cannibalism (eating one’s own offspring) occurs in numerous species, including several teleost fishes, its adaptive value is still not well understood. One often-discussed explanation is that individuals enhance their mass and body condition by consuming part of their eggs. However, evidence for this assumption is scarce thus far. In this study, male three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a species with paternal care, were allowed to care for a batch of eggs or for an empty nest under food-deprived conditions. All brood-caring males cannibalised at least part of their eggs and thus preserved their initial mass and body condition. Furthermore, mass as well as body condition was significant positively correlated with the number of cannibalised eggs. In contrast, empty-nest males that had no possibility to cannibalise eggs significantly lost mass and body condition. This is, to our knowledge, the first experimentally documented evidence that mass as well as body condition were preserved by filial cannibalism.     

粮食蔬菜与土壤和大气中苯并（a）芘含量的相关性研究

对山西省运城市盐湖区不同区域内小麦、西红柿、白菜和土壤中B（a）P含量的空间一时间分布及大气、土壤与粮食、蔬菜中B（a）P含量关系进行了调查研究,结果表明,粮食和蔬菜中的B（a）P主要来自大气污染的“贡献”,土壤中的B（a）P的含量也直接影响粮食和蔬菜中B（a）P的含量。当小麦子实中B（a）P的含量达到一定水平后,并不随土壤中B（a）P含量的增加而增加。