石化企业突发性环境污染事故的应急监测

介绍了在石化企业突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,如何进行布点、采样、确定监测项目、选择检测方法、数据处理和编制监测报告.提出企业应根据生产过程中的原料和产出物的毒理性质,建立相应的数据库.企业应组建应急监测队伍,配备必要的监测仪器,定期组织应急演练.     

The threat of abandonment in socio-ecological landscapes: Farmers’ motivations and perspectives on high nature value grassland conservation

Future sustainability of the conservation management of socio-ecological landscapes is typically reliant on on-going agricultural management. Such management may be threatened by changes in the drivers of management and the fragility of the stakeholder networks that deliver management. This study examined evidence for the risk of abandonment in a series of case study high nature value (HNV) grassland sites. The work found that the motivation of farmers to participate in the conservation management was typically limited and often marginal. Landowners and conservation stakeholders who relied on partner farmers to manage such sites often struggled to recruit and retain their participation, leading to increased turnover among managing farmers and to some sites being under-managed. Primary reasons for difficulty of recruitment and farmer turnover included a lack of candidate farmers in the local landscape, and the marginal and fluctuating economics of grassland management. A trend towards greater financial incentivisation of farmers was evident, which policy-makers responsible for agri-environment schemes should note, and elsewhere some conservation organisations were seen to be bringing grassland management in-house. Farmers’ motivations to participate in conservation management of such systems may continue to weaken and abandonment may therefore become a significant risk to the successful conservation of such systems. Conservation stakeholders need to foster good relations with their farmer-manager partners and not further depress their limited motivations to participate, as well as consider carefully whether farmer stakeholders are being adequately compensated for their efforts.     

强化安全管理 改进安全工作

随着我国钢铁企业生产中科技含量的不断增加,自动化程度的逐渐深化,企业的规模也相应的扩大了.然而,在钢铁企业中安全管理中存在的问题变得越来越突出.就我国钢铁企业安全生产的现状作简要论述,并对改进安全工作提出几点意见.     

某石化企业化验室职业健康危害现状与改进建议

通过查找某石化企业化验室因通风不良、整体布局不合理、设施配置不完善以及职业健康管理力度、深度不够等方面存在的问题,提出确保化验室分析人员身心健康的改进措施。     

AA-OO法处理焦化酚氰污水的操作实践及优化

焦化酚氰污水因其成分复杂、毒性大、难于生物降解,是世界公认的最难处理废水之一。以山东钢铁集团济南焦化厂为例,介绍了酚氰污水来源及AA-OO废水处理工艺流程。投产之初,因在工艺、操作等方面存在诸多问题,出现了多次硝化菌受抑制现象,该厂对存在的问题进行了认真梳理及剖析,并采取了针对性的措施。优化结束后,整个工艺运行稳定,出水指标达到炼焦行业污染物排放标准,运行成本也有明显下降,取得了较好的效果,其成功经验值得焦化同行的借鉴。     

重碳酸型地下水矿化度测定方法的探讨——以洛阳市浅层地下水为例

矿化度是地下水化学成份测定的重要指标，在环境监测中，用重量法测定矿化度是目前普遍采用的方法。其缺点主要为费时，繁琐，耗电。本文通过测定洛阳市地下水的电导率，分析对比电导率与矿化度的关联，并进一步用回归方程确定电导率与矿化度之间的数量关系，探索出用电导率法间接测定地下水矿化度，具有快速，经济，准确的优点。     

可燃性气体含氧量安全限值的探讨

焦炉煤气的安全含氧量目前存在一些异议。由此,提出如何确定可燃性气体含氧量安全限值的问题。笔者提出了惰性气体对含氧量安全限值的影响,探讨了采用化学计算法和作图法能对可燃性气体含氧量作简单确定,用此方法确定焦炉煤气的含氧量安全限值为４％ 。笔者认为,焦炉煤气的安全氧含量可适当放宽,以２％ 为参考值。     

PRA浓度和显色温度对West—Gaeke法测定SO2的回归斜率和空白值的影响

试验研究表明，Ｗｅｓｔ－Ｇａｅｋｅ法制定大气ＳＯ２，空白试验值不仅随显色温度增高而增高，而且随ＰＲＡ浓度增高而增高。尤其，在２０±２℃时，ＰＲＡ浓度＞０．０１６％时，校准曲线斜率比方法规定值偏高；称取ＰＲＡ０．１００ｇ提纯后使用，在３０℃时，回归斜率比方法规定值偏低。本文提出了对方法的补充意见。     

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMPACTS OF A WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: At a time in history when water resource development in the United States is being condemned as both economically inefficient and an environmental disaster, perhaps economists need to look back at previous development to see what the fruits of water development (be they sweet or sour) have been. The Boise Project of south-western Idaho is 70 years old and to some people it represents a gross error in resource use, while to others it represents a means of livelihood and well being. A recent research project at the University of Idaho attempted to measure not only the direct economic income benefits of the project (from irrigation), but also the indirect or secondary income benefits (from the food processing industry). Periodic regional input-output tables were constructed to assess the income generated from irrigation and food processing over the period from 1946 to 1970. Input-output analysis allowed researchers to evaluate the direct and indirect impacts of both the irrigation sector and the food processing sector and to compare their growth over time.