用油品的物理特性鉴别海面的溢油源

建立了用油品的物理特性鉴别海面溢油源的分析方法。主要对海面溢油风化过程中溢油的运动粘度和折射率的变化进行了探讨。结果表明 ,在所给出的多个油种的风化过程中 ,油种间的运动粘度变化存在着明显的差异。随着风化时间的延长 ,原油的运动粘度随着风化时间的延长而显著增加 ,重质燃料油虽略有递增却很不明显 ;轻质燃料油和润滑油的运动粘度均在缓慢地增加。润滑油和燃料油的折射率无明显的变化。运动粘度法鉴别溢油的准确度较高 ,其准确率可达 10 0 %。     

农田土壤中的磷向水体释放的风险评价

通过对比土壤的固磷能力和磷素水平可以评估不同类型土壤中的磷向水体释放的风险。研究表明，磷吸持指数（SI）可以作为土壤最大吸磷量的替代指标来表征土壤的固磷能力。在太湖地区，影响水土界面磷素迁移能力的主要因素是土壤有效磷水平和土壤固磷能力。SI值30左右为一临界值，SI大于此值的土壤对于施磷具有较大的缓冲能力，而SI低于此值的土壤对施磷非常敏感，磷流失风险将随施磷量的增加而呈直线上升趋势。     

多环芳烃的零阶价分子连接性指数与正-辛醇/水分配系数

本文建立了准确预测多环芳烃(PAHs)及其烷基衍生物的正-辛醇/水分配系数(Kow)模型。模型表明PAHs的分配性质可用零阶价分子连接性指数(~°x~v)描述,~°x~v数值与PAHs的logKow成正比。应用本模型可以预测大范围PAHs的logKow值。     

农药污染环境质量评价

本文根据计算排毒系数的方法确定了主要污染源和污染物,又根据食入、饮进、呼吸等量建立了权重系统,由此而计算了中国不同农业区域的污染指数。结果表明,重污染区集中在长江、黄河流域的粮、棉产区,而且我国农业环境中BHC、DDT污染程度是向南或向北逐渐减弱。     

胞外聚合物合成与应用研究概况

介绍了胞外聚合物絮凝剂研究与发展概况;讨论胞外聚合物絮凝剂的结构、性能及作用机理;重点介绍了胞外聚合物絮凝剂产出、絮凝条件以及应用的研究;胞外聚合物絮凝剂研究的发展趋势。     

基于GIS的黄土高原地区植被与气候关系研究

排序是植被与环境关系分析的重要手段。利用地理信息系统技术 (GIS)结合除趋势典范对应分析对黄土高原地区植被与气候关系进行了研究。结果清楚地反映了黄土高原地区植被与气候的地带性分布规律 ,证明GIS结合植被数量生态分析方法在黄土高原植被与环境关系的研究中是有效的     

Experimental and numerical study of the dispersion of motor vehicle pollutants under idle condition

The aim of the work presented here is to study experimentally and numerically the dispersion characteristics of vehicular exhaust plume at an idle condition in an idealized and simplified environment. The gaseous and particulate concentrations in the exhaust plume of three idling motor vehicles were measured in an isolated environment under calm weather conditions. Despite the difference in the initial concentrations, the pollutants decayed exponentially in all directions.The CFD code PHOENICS 3.3, with the k–ε eddy dissipation sub-model, was used for the numerical simulation. The simulated results match very well with the experimental results close to the source of emission but decay to the ambient concentrations much slower. The effects of the initial emission concentration, exit velocity, exit direction and crosswind intensity have been investigated parametrically. The initial pollutant concentration will increase the local concentrations but the pattern of dispersion remains the same. The exit velocity will increase the momentum of the jet, resulting in a deeper penetration downstream. The exit angle has a stronger influence on pollutant dispersion than both initial pollutant concentration and exit velocity. When the exit angle is 15°, the pollutants tend to spread on the ground region. Crosswind shows a significant effect on the dispersion of the exhaust plume also. It will divert the plume to disperse in the same direction of the wind with limited penetration in the downstream direction.     

Progress in developing an ANN model for air pollution index forecast

An air pollution index (API) reporting system is introduced to selected cities of China for public communication on air quality data. Shanghai is the first city in China providing daily average API reports and forecasts. This paper describes the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) model for the API forecasting in Shanghai. It is a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) network, with meteorological forecasting data as the main input, to output the next day average API values. However, the initial version of the MLP model did not work well. To improve the model, a series of tests were conducted with respect to the training method and structure optimization. Based on the test results, the training algorithm was modified and a new model was built. The new model is now being used in Shanghai for API forecasting. Its performance is shown reasonably well in comparison with observation. The application of the old model was only weakly correlated with observation. In 1-year application, the correlation coefficients were 0.2314, 0.1022 and 0.1710 for TSP, SO₂ and NO_x, respectively. But for the new model, for over 8 months application, the correlation coefficients are raised to 0.6056, 0.6993 and 0.6300 for PM₁₀, SO₂, and NO₂. Further, the new algorithm does not rely on manpower intervention so that it is now being applied in several other Chinese cities with quite different meteorological conditions. The structure of the model and the application results are presented in this paper and also the problems to be further studied.     

煤气发生站洗冷废水治理研究

研究了以活性炭作为吸附剂处理煤气发生站废水工艺，并摸索出一整套的工艺参数。实验结果表明，采用活性炭吸附工艺使出水水质得到明显改观，硫化物、氰化物和挥发酚的去除效率均达９０％以上，对ＣＯＤｃｒ、氨氮的去除也收到了明显的效果。