Living with transience in high-risk humanitarian spaces: the gendered experiences of international staff and policy implications for building resilience

Deployment in a crisis zone is a perilous undertaking. Little is known right now about how humanitarian workers relate social and professional goals to lived experiences of high-risk environments. In South Sudan, ranked as the most dangerous country globally for aid workers, 20 international humanitarian staff were interviewed to examine their sense of place, well-being, and vocation, using thematic and interpretative phenomenological analysis. Subjectivities of humanitarian space hinged upon negotiating physical hardships and social relationships: Juba, the capital, was described as a ‘prison’ and a ‘party hotspot’. For expatriate staff, making sense of spatial, social, and professional transience was sharply gendered and rooted in the subjectivities of risk-taking, crisis management, and career-building. Two policy measures are highlighted here to address the implications of transience for human well-being and organisational effectiveness. Efforts to support teams and structure work environments, altering the humanitarian and vocational bubble, will help to develop resilience at the heart of humanitarian systems.     

GIS在城市给水排水中的应用

阐述了GIS在城市给水排水领域的应用和发展趋势，包括水资源管理与分析、给水排水管网设计与管理、城市污水处理厂设计与管理、管网应急预警系统分析、水质污染状况和趋势分析等，并以大庆市给水排水管网信息管理系统实例，证明GIS可以及时准确完整的提供所需信息，更好的为市政管理者辅助决策提供依据。     

Genomic erosion in a demographically recovered bird species during conservation rescue

The pink pigeon (Nesoenas mayeri) is an endemic species of Mauritius that has made a remarkable recovery after a severe population bottleneck in the 1970s to early 1990s. Prior to this bottleneck, an ex situ population was established from which captive-bred individuals were released into free-living subpopulations to increase population size and genetic variation. This conservation rescue led to rapid population recovery to 400–480 individuals, and the species was twice downlisted on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. We analyzed the impacts of the bottleneck and genetic rescue on neutral genetic variation during and after population recovery (1993–2008) with restriction site-associated sequencing, microsatellite analyses, and quantitative genetic analysis of studbook data of 1112 birds from zoos in Europe and the United States. We used computer simulations to study the predicted changes in genetic variation and population viability from the past into the future. Genetic variation declined rapidly, despite the population rebound, and the effective population size was approximately an order of magnitude smaller than census size. The species carried a high genetic load of circa 15 lethal equivalents for longevity. Our computer simulations predicted continued inbreeding will likely result in increased expression of deleterious mutations (i.e., a high realized load) and severe inbreeding depression. Without continued conservation actions, it is likely that the pink pigeon will go extinct in the wild within 100 years. Conservation rescue of the pink pigeon has been instrumental in the recovery of the free-living population. However, further genetic rescue with captive-bred birds from zoos is required to recover lost variation, reduce expression of harmful deleterious variation, and prevent extinction. The use of genomics and modeling data can inform IUCN assessments of the viability and extinction risk of species, and it helps in assessments of the conservation dependency of populations.     

环境信息公开——一项新的环境管理手段

环境信息公开是继指令性控制手段和经济手段后一项新的环境管理方法。该手段通过对环境信息的公开来加强环境管理的公众参与和监督,从而促使污染者重视环境保护,加强污染治理。文中对环境信息公开的作用和类型作了简要的阐述,并重点介绍了企业环境信息公开的设计原则、方法和步骤。同时以呼和浩特市为例,对企业环境信息公开的方案进行了初步的设计。      

我国粉煤灰生态环境标准体系现状及建议

对我国粉煤灰管理相关的现行法律法规、部门规章和文件及有关标准进行了梳理,结果显示,现行生态环境标准中尚无专门针对粉煤灰的污染环境防治技术标准,粉煤灰的环境管理中适用的是一般工业固体废物相关标准,且标准数量较少,覆盖面不全。粉煤灰在产生、收集、运输环节还缺乏污染环境防治技术标准,也缺乏针对粉煤灰各综合利用方式的污染环境防治技术标准,不利于粉煤灰的综合利用和污染防控。目前,粉煤灰生态环境标准体系需要在全过程管理环节以及促进综合利用、污染防治、风险防控、信息化建设等方面进一步完善。

     

油气田开采钻井岩屑分类利用处置现状及环境管理

油气开采过程会产生大量水基钻屑和少量油基钻屑。当前,油气田钻井岩屑大多采用不落地处理工艺进行初步收集处理。钻井岩屑通常具有较高的pH、盐离子浓度、COD和含油量（油基钻屑）等,其合理处理处置是油气田绿色发展面临的一大难题。对比分析了国内外钻井岩屑的环境管理现状,系统梳理了我国钻屑环境管理方面存在的问题。同时,基于钻井岩屑污染特性综述了其后续资源化与无害化技术的研究和应用现状,并分析了各技术优缺点和处理效果。最后,对我国钻屑利用与处置提出了“建立水基钻屑分级分类管理制度、完善钻屑利用处置过程环境管理体系和加强钻屑源头减量和末端利用”的对策建议。

     

江苏省含铜蚀刻废液处置利用行业现状及管理对策研究

蚀刻废液是对环境有较大危害的危险废物,同时又具有较高的资源型价值。目前江苏省每年蚀刻废液产生量较大,典型的含铜蚀刻废液产生量达数十万t,是江苏省产生量较大的几种危险废物类型之一。在调查了江苏省蚀刻废液处置利用的主要工艺和行业现状的基础上,分析了蚀刻废液处置利用过程存在的综合利用能力总体过剩、入厂分析制度不严、污染防治水平不高、再生产品管理标准缺失、环境管理制度不完善等问题;探讨了含铜蚀刻废液的再生产品使用过程中存在的生态环境风险;研究了蚀刻废液再利用产品中有害物质的控制要求;初步总结了行业发展中技术水平和管理要求的不足;提出了行业发展存在的问题,为下一步制定江苏省蚀刻废液处置利用行业的技术规范提供技术支撑。     

不良的安全管理绩效对企业经营成本的影响研究

本文从多个方面探讨了企业的安全管理绩效与企业经营成本之间的关系,认为不良的安全管理绩效不仅会增加企业的人力资源成本,导致企业在工伤保险和商业保险上费用的增加,而且还将会产生更多的政府监管成本,以及现实中直接和间接的物质损失。可见,不良的安全管理绩效将会显著增加企业的经营成本。     

香港的有害废物管理动向

为了给都市型地区的有害废物管理工作以借鉴，本文详细介绍了香港地区近１０年通过建立有害废物立法管理，制订污染控制总体规划，强化政府对有害废物的有效管理手段，以及近期和今后的主要管理措施的发展动态。     

国际标准产业分类体系的供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的分类演化及启示

国际标准产业分类体系是目前国际上最有影响、最有权威的产业分类体系。深入了解国际标准产业分类体系中供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动分类演化,对正确收集、处理和测算供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的指标以及国际间数据比较至关重要。论文首先详细地剖析了国际标准产业分类体系的供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的分类演化,然后依据国际标准产业分类体系的最新变化,结合我国供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动现状,为我国国民经济行业分类中供水、污水处理、废物管理和补救活动的修改和调整提供改进建议。