Ecosystem mapping for the implementation of the European Biodiversity Strategy at the national level: The case of Italy

Several international initiatives, including the European Biodiversity Strategy to 2020, promote the identification and mapping of ecosystems as basic tools for the conservation of biodiversity and related services. On coarse scales, the spatial representation of ecosystems is usually based on broad land cover categories that largely overlook important ecological and biogeographic features of the biotic communities they are meant to exemplify. This paper presents a nationwide ecosystem mapping approach that promotes a degree of thematic detail, which is more suited than that found in the continental maps to meeting biodiversity conservation targets in Italy. The approach is based on the rationale that current and potential vegetation cover are valuable proxies for outlining ecosystems. The resulting Ecosystem Map of Italy includes 43 types of forest ecosystems instead of the 5 woodland, forest and other wooded land types recognized at the European level. We outline the expected advantages of this enhanced thematic detail for a number of conservation purposes and highlight how the resulting maps may help to meet biodiversity conservation targets at the national level. In particular, we refer to the assessment of conservation status, the definition of restoration priorities, the planning of green infrastructure and the identification of collapse risks for the ecosystems identified. Comprehensively, the definition, characterization and assessment of ecosystem types represent the carrying structure of the recently launched national system of natural capital accounting.     

Water Network Synthesis Using Mutation-Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization

Different techniques for the synthesis of industrial water reuse/recycle networks have been developed in recent process integration research. These tools range from graphical pinch analysis approaches to mathematical programming models. The latter have the advantage of being flexible enough to incorporate various water network constraints, but in many cases these are often non-linear, thus making the identification of global optima difficult. Recent work has demonstrated the effectiveness of metaheuristic algorithms such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), for finding good solutions these problems. This work describes the use of a modified PSO for solving mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) models for water network synthesis. By incorporating a mutation operator for the binary variables in the model, the algorithm is able to escape sub-optimal network topologies and proceed towards better solutions than can be found with ordinary PSO. Two case studies involving water recycle/reuse are used to demonstrate the new design methodology.     

北京山区公路地质灾害应急与防治对策

北京是地质灾害较严重的城市之一,具有灾种多、活动频繁、群发性强的特征。北京山区公路所遭受的地质灾害主要有滑坡、滑(崩)塌、泥石流、岩溶、采空地面塌陷等。为了防止山区公路地质灾害可能造成的危害,笔者通过对北京山区公路所遭受的地质灾害类型、发育特征、分布规律等特点及其所造成的危害进行分析、研究,提出了山区公路地质灾害应急与防治对策,以提高北京市的防灾减灾能力,减少和避免地质灾害造成的损失。     

两相厌氧工艺的研究进展

为了了解两相厌氧工艺的研究状况,对两相厌氧反应器及相分离方法进行了综述,并指出了今后两相厌氧工艺的研究方向.     

微生物絮凝剂处理造纸中段废水的实验研究

实验从土壤中分离筛选出1株絮凝活性较高的絮凝剂产生菌,经鉴定为1株黑曲霉.采用其产生的微生物絮凝剂M-2处理造纸中段废水,对絮凝条件进行了优化,在最佳絮凝条件下,M-2对造纸中段废水的CODcr去除率可达70.6%,浊度去除率可达91.7%,其絮凝效果优于传统的絮凝剂.     

高速微涡活性污泥法提高氧利用效率的研究

概述了高速微涡活性污泥法的工艺特点，并对该法提高氧的转移及利用效率进行了研究和机理分析。     

UniTank工艺流程氨氮浓度的动态特征

利用基于ASM2D的数学模型对上海石洞口污水厂UniTank工艺内氨氮浓度的动态特性进行了仿真研究,发现该流程反应器氨氮浓度具有非稳态特征.反应器内氨氮浓度的变化规律与曝气时间设定及进水时间设定有关.增加曝气强度,能降低边池及中池的氨氮浓度,相应增大边池及中池的硝态氮浓度.     

四氯化碳的生产与应用及其淘汰策略

四氯化碳是一种消耗臭氧层物质,其生产和消费都面临着严峻的淘汰形势.简要叙述了四氯化碳的生产技术,以四氯化碳为原料生产大宗化学品和精细化学品的转化技术,四氯化碳作为化工助剂在我国的应用情况以及相应的淘汰方法和技术进展.     

城市污水处理厂SBR工艺设计及脱氮效能

介绍了市政建设项目宁海县兴海污水处理有限公司主要的设计参数及各单元运行过程，并总结了该系统对有机物及氮磷的处理效果，分析了SBR工艺生物处理氮的主要影响因素。     

A/O脱氮工艺的控制策略和应用性研究

根据A/O脱氮工艺的运行状况和影响因素 ,提出了应用在线传感器连续测定曝气池中DO浓度、氨氮浓度和硝酸氮浓度 ,并据此调节供氧强度、内循环回流量、有机碳源的投加以及硝化区和反硝化区的大小 ,这是保证A/O脱氮工艺良好处理效果的重要控制策略和思想。同时对近年来国外A/O脱氮工艺自动控制的应用及研究进行了简单的回顾。