南京市快速道路交通噪声污染调查

对南京市城西干道凤台路、虎踞北路双层高架道路交通噪声进行了测量.结果表明,城西干道两侧30m范围内夜间噪声严重超标.建议今后在建设城市快速道路时,地面路段两侧可种植绿化隔离带,高架路段设置隔声屏障;不具备条件的可为临街住户安装隔声门窗,以保护道路两侧的居住环境.     

Monitoring the effectiveness of the European tributyltin regulation on the Basque coast (northern Spain) by assessing imposex in two gastropod species (Nassarius reticulatus and Nassarius nitidus)

Imposex and butyltin body burden were assessed in 2011 along the Basque coast (northern Spain) in two gastropod species (Nassarius reticulatus and Nassarius nitidus) four years after an initial survey in 2007. The aim of this re-survey was to monitor the effectiveness of the European ban on the use of tributyltin (TBT) based antifouling paints on ships’ hulls (EC 782/2003). Imposex levels in 2011 were lower than those determined in 2007 at most of the sampling sites. Accordingly, TBT concentrations in the female body burden of Nassarius reticulatus varied from 43 to 250 ng Sn/g in dry weight in 2011, which was a lower maximum than in 2007. Nevertheless, the results for the butyltin degradation index suggest that there have been recent inputs of TBT within the two main Basque harbours. Overall, the legislative measure is contributing to the reduction of TBT effects on the Basque coast although its presence is still evident.     

西部小城市旅游规划和城市规划协调关系——以陕西旬阳太极城旅游区规划为例

阐述了旅游规划和城市规划的主要研究内容，并就目前出现的城市旅游和旅游规划协调问题进行了探讨。以陕西省旬阳县为实证，就小城市的旅游规划和城市规划进行探讨，并提出了旅游规划和城市规划的协调的方案，指出旅游规划的实施对促进城市生态环境的改善等具有十分重要的意义。     

1960～2012年中国东南沿海地区降水变化特征及重涝灾害趋势判断

基于东南沿海地区46个气象站点逐年实测降水数据,采用线性回归、Mann-Kendall检验法、Z指数法等气候诊断方法分析了1960~2012年东南沿海降水量时空变化特征,利用可公度、蝴蝶结构图和可公度结构系等灾害时间对称性方法,对重涝灾害未来趋势进行判断。结果表明:1)1960~2012年东南沿海地区降水整体呈增加趋势,增加速率为1.91mm/a;2)在空间变化上,降水量高值区域,降水呈现下降趋势,而降水量低值区域,降水则呈现上升趋势;降水呈下降趋势的区域集中在降水高值区,由南向北降水呈下降趋势站点逐渐减少,区域洪涝灾害风险逐渐增大;3)东南沿海旱涝变化具有明显的年际变化趋势,主要表现为20世纪60~70年代整体偏旱,80~90年代涝灾逐年增多,2000年后旱涝灾害频发,形成"重旱-重涝并重"的格局;4)东南沿海地区重涝时间序列具有明显的时间对称结构,经可公度、蝴蝶结构图和可公度结构系三种方法综合判断,2016年重涝信号较强,有可能发生较严重的涝灾,需要相关部门予以重视,完善区域自然灾害防御应急体系。     

Discriminating zooplankton assemblages through multivariate methods: A case for a tropical polluted harbour and Bar-built estuary

A comparative study (June-July 2001) on zooplankton community structure amid polluted conditions in a stagnant harbour and relatively unaffected tidal estuary near Visakhapatnam, on the east coast of India, revealed a marked disparity in species composition and abundance. While the harbour supported a rich population of calanoids (46.4%), the estuary sustained mostly cyclopoids (55.2%). Univariate and multivariate techniques (species diversity, clustering, non-metric multi-dimensional scaling and one-way ANOSIM) revealed the existence of two differing zooplankton assemblages and associated water quality (similarity 50.6%). While the estuary is typified by high amounts of dissolved silica (67.4 ± 17.7 μmol l^-1) linked with monsoon influx, the harbour waters revealed abnormal levels of phosphate (40.9 ± 9.2 μmol l^-1) and nitrate (15.3 ± 5.41 μmol l^{- 1}) suggestive of intense eutrophication, caused by the discharge of fertilizer-factory waste and domestic sewage. On the basis of routines (e.g. BVSTEP, SIMPER) implemented in Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Ecological Research, it was possible to demonstrate that while species such as Oithona rigida, Oithona brevicornis, crustacean nauplii, gastropod veligers, Acartia spinicauda, and Acartia centrura played a key role in discriminating the zooplankton assemblage in the estuary, Acrocalanus spp. (mainly Acrocalanus gracilis) played a keyed role in harbour waters. Canonical Correspondence Analysis revealed species-environment relationships; for example, while the distribution of Oithona spp. and its associates in the estuary corresponded intimately with high silicate, temperature, and low salinity, it was high salinity, phosphate, and nitrate in the harbour channel that supported a different assemblage of copepods dominated by calanoids.     

WATER RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS IN WEST CENTRAL IRAN USING LANDSAT DATA1

ABSTRACT: Extensive investigations have been undertaken to determine the utility of Landsat data for detecting and analyzing hydrologic characteristics of an interior watershed of Iran that drains to Daryachehye-Namak (salt lake). This interior playa serves as the terminus for surface water discharging to it from the Karaj, Shur, Saveh, and Ghom Rivers and ground water from their underlying aquifers. These drainage systems encompass heavily populated and industrial sectors of west central Iran, including Tehran. The result of this investigation demonstrates the applicability of Landsat data for mapping and monitoring water regimen as an aid in interpreting hydrologic conditions throughout this arid region. Fluctuation of water area in a playa lake, occupying the lowest part of this closed basin, was monitored on repetitive Landsat coverage. As the result of field investigations combined with optical and digital analyses of the Landsat data, fluctuating water depths were determined in order to estimate the volume of water present in this lake during various seasons. A comparison between stream discharge rates and the estimated volume of standing water make it possible to quantitatively evaluate the hydrologic regimen and to detect the significance of ground water discharge.     

Formation and Evolution of Ancient Lakes on South Coast Plain of Laizhou Bay

Abstract

Based on the data of historical geography, the analysis of the stratigraphic section, and the textual research of place names and satellite photographic interpretations, the authors study the formation and evolution of ancient lakes on the south coast plain of Laizhou Bay where there were once three lakes: Judian Lake, Qingshuibo Lake and Biehua Lake. All the lakes formed 6000 years ago evolved from the lagoons near the estuary and went through two periods, the golden age in the Middle Holocene and the shrinking age in the Late Holocene. The disappearance of the lakes resulted from the drying climate, the migration of the river courses and the activities of human beings. Among the three reasons, the migration of the river courses is the main one.     

城市空间扩展的生态环境对策--以苏州西部地区为例

苏州市"一体两翼,东园西区、古城居中"的总体格局以及周边地区"四角山水"的生态屏障,是苏州城市发展空间生态优化、整合的重要特色。针对苏州市新一轮发展将城市空间西扩至沿太湖地区,建设现代化的湖滨新城导致景观破碎,生态"绿肺"功能受损及太湖水源保护的胁迫,提出控制污染、保护生态、维护"四角山水"整体性、引导空间有序扩展、产业生态化及法规约束的相关措施。     

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION CONCEPTUALIZATION IN THE HSPF‐MODFLOW INTEGRATED MODELS1

In 1988, the Florida Institute of Phosphate Research (FIPR) funded project to develop an advanced hydrologic model for shallow water table systems. The FIPR hydrologic model (FHM) was developed to provide an improved predictive capability of the interactions of surface water and ground water using its component models, HSPF and MODFLOW. The Integrated Surface and Ground Water (ISGW) model was developed from an early version of FHM and the two models were developed relatively independently in the late 1990s. Hydrologic processes including precipitation, interception, evapotranspiration, runoff, recharge, streamflow, and base flow are explicitly accounted for in both models. Considerable review of FHM and ISGW and their applications occurred through a series of projects. One model evolved, known as the Integrated Hydrological Model IHM. This model more appropriately describes hydrologic processes, including evapotranspiration fluxes within small distributed land‐based discretization. There is a significant departure of many IHM algorithms from FHM and ISGW, especially for soil water and evapotranspiration (ET). In this paper, the ET concepts in FHM, ISGW, and IHM will be presented. The paper also identifies the advantages and data costs of the improved methods. In FHM and IHM, ground water ET algorithms of the MODFLOW ET package replace those of HSPF (ISGW used a different model for ground water ET). However, IHM builds on an improved understanding and characterization of ET partitioning between surface storages, vadose zone storage, and saturated ground water storage. The IHM considers evaporative flux from surface sources, proximity of the water table to land surface, relative moisture condition of the unsaturated zone, thickness of the capillary zone, thickness of the root zone, and relative plant cover density. The improvements provide a smooth transition to satisfy ET demand between the vadose zone and deeper saturated ground water. While the IHM approach provides a more sound representation of the actual soil profile than FHM, and has shown promise at reproducing soil moisture and water table fluctuations as well as field measured ET rates, more rigorous testing is necessary to understand the robustness and/or limitations of this methodology.     

西部生态环境与资源可持续利用的若干问题

本文在介绍西部生态环境现状的基础上,分析了其恶化的症结所在,并指出西部应增强生态意识,重视保护和改善生态环境,以确保资源的可持续利用和促进西部经济的可持续发展.