不同资源环境梯度下吉林西部生态经济系统能值分析

利用能值方法,从东南-西北方向选取吉林西部长岭、乾安、大安、镇赉四县市进行不同资源环境梯度下生态经济系统演变的对比分析。结果表明1989-2001年研究区多项能值指标差异明显:①系统稳定性方面,降水相对较多的长岭和乾安稳定性强于镇赉和大安。能值密度及能值投入率为长岭>乾安>大安>镇赉。能值产出以及能值积累量呈增大趋势,增幅长岭>乾安>大安>镇赉;②系统产出结构变化显著,虽然种植业比例有所下降,但一直是长岭、乾安的主导产业,镇赉、大安畜牧业超过种植业成为主导产业,系统平均能值产出率为长岭(1.89)<乾安(1.96)<大安(1.99)<镇赉(2.29);③环境负载率长岭<乾安<大安<镇赉,可持续发展指数则相反;④资源环境条件尤其是降水是该区生态经济系统状态的重要影响因素。     

可持续发展与西部大开发初探

西部大开发是当前中国的一项重要战略政策,但是,对资源环境的过度开发和对环境的保护意识和力度不够,已经部分恶化了西部的生态环境系统.所以,环境保护、可持续发展和西部大开发之间的辩证关系需要进一步明确.     

The status of beaches and shoreline development options on the French Riviera: a perspective and a prognosis

Beach conservation and management on the high-value French Riviera in southeastern France have had mixed fortunes in shoreline economic development strategies over the past half century. Prior to 1965, socio-economic growth related to immigration and tourism resulted in considerable pressure on the coastal zone, leading in particular to beach erosion and degradation of beach environmental quality. Between 1965 and 1980, over 20% of the 132 km-long French Riviera was permanently altered through the implantation of yachting harbours and reclamation fill structures, while beach-based recreation had a rather low ranking as a development choice, except in the two major resorts of Cannes and Nice which exhibit a densely urbanized seafront. On this preponderantly bold rocky coast, the mediocre recreational value inherited by many of the beaches from the regional geologic setting, and from development pressures and earlier errors in coastal management, left them vulnerable to appropriation and so-called ‘valorization’ by yachting harbour and estate developers. Over the last decade, artificial shoreline development has virtually ceased, in response to several more or less interrelated factors. These include relative stagnation of socio-economic growth, increasing development and maintenance costs of yachting harbours, saturation of the yachting harbour market as a result of the burgeoning of new, often cheaper, resorts and of reconversion of commercial and shipbuilding ports to leisure ports in the Mediterranean, more stringent legislation, since 1986, on the implantation of residential and major engineering structures on the coastline, pressure for conservation of the cultural and environmental heritage, and greater demand for beach recreational space. This situation has forced a diversification of shore-based activities, as it has been realised that better managed beaches may balance economic aspirations while contributing to enhanced environmental quality and sensible shoreline conservation. This change in strategy has entailed considerable efforts and money on the improvement of coastal water quality, the provision of amenities for beach-goers, and especially the nourishment of eroding beaches and the creation of several artificial beaches. The extent to which beaches will continue to play a role in the sustainable development of French Riviera resorts will depend largely on the capacity of local authorities to maintain environmental quality in the face of inherited and persistent handicaps such as beach erosion.     

我国西部水资源供需关系地区性差异变化研究

利用地理信息系统技术,对我国西部12个省(市、区)按流域进行了划分,结合1980年和1990年水文资料,比较了我国西部各流域两个时段可供水量、需水量、缺水量和缺水率变化,系统分析了西部水资源供需关系变化的地区性差异及其原因,并预测了未来我国西部缺水情况,这些研究为我国西部大开发战略的实施提供了基础性依据。     

浙江省海岛海域环境生态特征：Ⅰ浮游动物种类优势度与水体生态性质

浙江近海洋域地处暖温带和亚热交汇区，在不同季节受不同性质水系的影响，呈现出不同程度的交汇和混合。通过对１９９０年春，秋两季浙北，中、南三区及７个重点岛群浮游动物及不同生态类型种类优化势度的计算和分析，探讨其栖息区域的群落生态特征，并从生物效应的角度判别栖息海区的水体性质。     

中国东南沿海与西南日本内带中生代火山活动时代、旋回与迁移问题的讨论

本文提出中国东南沿海与西南日本内带中生代火山活动时代与旋回对比意见,阐述两带火山喷发与侵入活动时序和交替式演变。两带火山活动时差呈现超前、滞后式迁移性。两带内部火山活动又显示垂直与平行火山岩带的双向迁移性。     

吉林西部碱尘的通量与物质特征分析

选择吉林西部两个典型地区，抽样采集碱尘样品，根据实测结果对日常形成的碱尘进行了通量测定；依据两个采样点的自然地理状况和实测采样记录，提出了吉林西部碱尘具有两种源区类型的认识，即以大布苏湖为代表的萎缩湖泡型和以姜家甸草场为代表的草场退化型。同时，通过对比分析不同时间和采样点的碱尘通量及源区特征，提出了吉林西部碱尘通量与风力条件、日照条件、pH值、物理性粘粒比例正相关，与植被覆盖度、地表物质粒级负相关。对碱尘元素分析结果表明，Ca、Na元素含量明显偏高，Fe、Al元素含量变化则较大；碱尘组成元素含量由多到少的顺序为：Ca、Na、Fe、Al、K、Mg、Ti，与普通尘暴元素组成有着明显的差别。     

莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲洪积扇地下水水环境

通过野外实地调查和水化学监测，将莱州湾南岸平原浅埋古河道带及冲洪积扇浅层地下水水化学环境分为３大区域，即北部的全咸水区、中部的咸淡水过渡区和南部的全淡水区．在３个系统的浅埋古河道带内的全淡水区，仍有水化学特征的南北向差异．浅层地下水水化学特征具有年内及年际变化规律．人类应合理开发利用地下水资源，防止咸水入侵和人工污染，保持良好的地下水水环境     

中国沿海的风暴潮灾及其防御对策

中国沿海是仅次于孟加拉湾地区的第二大风暴潮重灾区。本文分析了地质时期及历史时期我国风暴潮灾的灾害记录，揭示了中国沿海风暴潮灾的严重性，并讨论了其成因特点和成灾机理，提出了一系列防灾措施和防御对策     

渤海湾西岸海平面上升威胁的防治对策

因受全球海平面上升和地面沉降的双重影响,在21世纪末渤海湾西岸海平面将相对上升90～260厘米,广大地区(包括天津市区)将处于大潮平均高潮位之下,自然岸线位置将后撤至津浦线附近.我们提出筑堤防潮引黄放淤提高建筑高程三位一体的治理方案。