酚水及煤气化废水的湿式氧化处理

在二升高压釜中研究了酚水(3540mg酚/L、9278mgCOD/L)和煤气化废水(7866mg酚/L、22928mgCOD/L)的湿式氧化处理,反应温度控制在180—250℃,氧分压为9.8×10~5—34.3×10~5Pa。煤气化废水在温度为190—250℃、氧分压为9.8×10~5Pa,反应90min酚去除60—90％及COD降低35—55％。 酚水和煤气化废水的表观动力学研究表现出快速及慢速反应段,反应速率与COD值呈一次方关系,当温度一定时,反应速率与氧分压为0.25级关系,影响程度明显低于温度。     

生活垃圾高温空气气化处理的低污染特性分析

本文介绍了高温空气气化城市生活垃圾的工作原理及过程 ,分析了城市生活垃圾高温气化反应机理。通过对高温空气 /蒸汽发生器、高温气化炉及湿式除尘器等关键部件的分析发现 ,采用高温空气气化系统可实现城市生活垃圾低污染处理     

湿式旋风脱硫除尘器破损原因分析及防护措施

对湿式旋风脱硫除尘器短期内出现破损的机理进行了分析 ,其原因是高速含尘气流对除尘器锥体内壁的冲刷磨损和不锈钢应力共同作用的结果 ;提出防腐耐磨综合措施。实践证明这种措施是可行的     

CWAO处理亚甲蓝水溶液中催化剂的筛选

CWAO（催化湿式氧化）技术处理COD为2 g/L的亚甲蓝水溶液过程中,实验对18种可溶盐进行了广泛而细致的研究.可溶盐投加量以金属离子计50 mg/L,实验得出Cu^2＋、Cr^3＋、Fe^2＋、Zr^4＋具有较好的催化活性;进而对Cr-Cu、Fe-Cu、Zr-Cu组合进行3∶1、1∶1、1∶3的配比实验研究.结果表明配比是1∶1的催化剂催化性能最强,其次是1∶3的配方,再次是3∶1的配方;对较优的催化剂,实验得出了它们催化性能由高到低的排列顺序.铜催化作用下, 在较温和的条件120℃、 1.0 MPa下反应120 min,水样COD去除率达到91.1%,脱色率达到99.92%.     

Deposition Loads of Sulphur and Nitrogen in Germany

High spatial resolution maps of deposition loads in Germanyare produced as an input for abatement strategy research andfor critical loads exceedance calculations on a nationalscale. In this paper methods ofmapping total deposition loads in Germany and preliminarymaps of nitrogen and sulphur deposition loads for the year1993 are presented. A comparison of these mapping resultswith EMEP deposition mapping results has been carried out.The differences in the results of the German national and theEuropean EMEP mapping, due to different databases anddifferent methods, are quantified and discussed. Highresolution maps of deposition loads are compared to Europeanlow resolution maps on the same temporal and spatial scale,assuming that on average both should lead to similar results.However, the average differencescalculated for 23 EMEP 150 × 150 km² grid cells over Germanywere found to be 33% higher for sulphur (S) total depositionby the German method 65% higher for S dry deposition and1% lower for S wet deposition. The German results fornitrogen (N) total deposition are 2% higher than the EMEPresult 22% higher for N dry deposition and 10% lower for Nwet deposition.     

Monitoring Studies of Precipitation and Cap Cloud Chemistry at Holme Moss in the Southern Pennines

Weekly collections of samples of precipitation and hill cloudwater have been made at Holme Moss (530 m.a.s.l.) in the southernPennines covering a six-year period (1994–1999). In addition continuous meteorological measurements have been conducted at thesite for a five year period (1995–1999). The concentrations of major ions in the samples have been determined by ion chromatography. Analysis of ion concentrations as a function ofwind direction reveals that the ions with anthropogenic sources (SO₄ ^–, NO₃ ^–, NH₄ ⁺, H⁺) exhibit higher concentrations during easterly wind directions whilst the ions with predominantly marine origins (Na⁺, Cl^–, Ca⁺⁺, Mg⁺⁺, K⁺) have concentrations thatare not significantly dependant on wind direction. Precipitation and cloud deposition are strongly correlated to south-westerly wind directions with a secondary peak occurring for north-easterly directions. Fifty nine per cent of ion deposition by rain was found to occur during wind from the SSW to W sector.The average concentrations of ions in cloud water were found tobe much higher than those in rain (by factors of between 2.5 and4.2). It is thought that the high precipitation and annual deposition of ions by precipitation at Holme Moss is due in partto the enrichment of ion concentrations in precipitation by thescavenging of more concentrated cap cloud droplets (the `seeder-feeder effect'). Comparison with data from a nearby lower level site shows encouraging agreement with the scheme currently used in the U.K. deposition mapping procedure to incorporate the influence of orography on deposition by precipitation.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol,nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is one of effective technologies to eliminate hazardous, toxic and highly concentrated organic compounds in the wastewater. In the paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized by O₃, were used as catalysts in the absence of any metals to investigate the catalytic activity in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, nitrobenzene (NB) and aniline at the mild operating conditions (reaction temperature of 155°C and total pressure of 2.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The MWCNTs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas adsorption measurements (BET), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The functionalized MWCNTs showed good catalytic performance. In the CWAO of phenol over the functionalized MWCNTs, total phenol removal was obtained after 90 min run, and the reaction apparent activation energy was ca. 40 kJ·mol^-1. The NB was not removed in the CWAO of single NB, while ca. 97% NB removal was obtained and 40% NB removal was attributed to the catalytic activity after 180 min run in the presence of phenol. Ca. 49% aniline conversion was achieved after 120 min run in the CWAO of aniline.     

杭嘉湖地区大气氮、磷沉降特征研究

通过2013年9月~2014年8月杭嘉湖地区杭州、嘉兴和湖州3个典型站点大气氮、磷沉降数据,探讨了杭嘉湖地区大气氮、磷沉降的污染特征.结果表明,目标地区内大气氮、磷沉降通量水平较高,分别为4950.74~5585.80,65.25~69.72kg/(km2·a);直接降入水域中的氮、磷素分别为6038.4,77.8t,分别相当于农业源的氮、磷入河量的39.6%和5.9%.氮沉降以湿沉降形式为主,磷沉降以干沉降形式为主;氮、磷湿沉降通量主要受降雨量影响,且随降雨量的增加而增加;氮、磷沉降存在时空差异性,大气氮干沉降通量以杭州、嘉兴地区为较高,大气磷干沉降通量以嘉兴地区为最高,大气氮湿沉降通量则以湖州、嘉兴地区为较高,大气磷湿沉降以湖州地区最高;时间尺度上,氮沉降夏秋两季最高,磷沉降以秋冬两季最高.     

大气氮湿沉降对青山湖富营养化的影响

针对大气湿沉降氮的区域通量问题,通过2008年春、夏季对临安青山湖区湿沉降中氮素化学形态的分析,揭示了大气氮湿沉降的时间分布特征,通过估算大气氮湿沉降的输入通量,研究湿沉降对湖区水体富营养化的贡献.结果表明,春季青山湖降水总氮浓度范围为(1.30±0.02)—(9.80±0.85)mg.L-1,其中铵态氮占总氮比例最高,为40.7%,硝态氮和有机氮的比例分别为33.5%和25.8%;雨水氮浓度随着降雨强度的增大呈显著下降趋势,铵态氮和硝态氮所占的比例随着降雨的进行会逐渐升高,而有机氮的比例却有不断降低的趋势;青山湖春季大气氮沉降负荷为6.64 kg.hm-2,雨水中平均的氮浓度为(4.86±0.65)mg.L-1,严重超过了水体富营养化0.2 mg.L-1的阈值,对青山湖水生生态系统造成潜在的威胁.     

钙基湿法烟气脱硫主要参数的影响规律

以综合性能优越的旋流板塔为脱硫塔,研究了钙基湿法烟气脱硫的主要参数对脱硫率的影响规律,这些参数包括吸收剂、浆液pH值、气流量G、液流量L与气流量G同时增减等;由实验结果得出上要参数对脱硫率影响的回归关联式．同时对实验结果进行了分析,本研究为工业装置的设计、操作和运行提供了基础数据