云南星云湖南岸生态整治规划

阐述了高原湖泊星云湖的自然条件、污染根源和景观特点,在此基础上通过本项目星云湖南岸(一期)生态整治规划,尝试在整个流域范围内运用GIS分析生态湿地建设、农业面源污染控制和重现滨水空间等,改善星云湖的水质,提高星云湖及周边的生态旅游价值.规划采用顶端控制和底端治理相结合的策略,恢复星云湖流域的生态功能,解决星云湖流域现有...     

石油污染土壤的植物修复的探讨

近年来,油气田开发对土壤的污染越来越严重,采用植物进行修复已经成为一个新的趋势。文章以中原油田(濮阳市采油区)土壤为研究基地,选择了多年生紫花苜蓿和黑麦草开展了初步治理工作,同时也采用本地生植物狗芽根、芦苇培养进行比较。通过一年(18月)植物对石油污染土壤的修复,发现:四种植物与微生物联合修复组合修复能力大小顺序是,苜蓿组合>向日葵组合>狗牙根组合>高丹草组合,其中紫花苜蓿与微生物构建的联合修复组合去除土壤石油污染的能力超过它们单独修复之和,去除率达到62%。     

纳米零价铁铜双金属对铬污染土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的还原动力学

采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁铜双金属(n ZVI/Cu),通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对其进行形貌观测和表征分析,用制备的n ZVI/Cu修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染的土壤,研究了不同反应条件对修复效果的影响,探讨了还原动力学规律.结果表明,n ZVI/Cu对土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)有很好的降解效果,反应初始p H为7,温度为30℃时,加入2 g·L~(-1)的n ZVI/Cu材料,在10 min内Cr(Ⅵ)含量为88 mg·kg~(-1)的污染土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可以达到99%以上.改变n ZVI/Cu加入量、p H值、反应温度以及添加腐殖酸都会对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果产生影响.改变p H值和反应温度对去除土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响都比较明显,p H值越小,反应温度越高Cr(Ⅵ)的去除效果越好,添加腐殖酸对去除土壤中的Cr(Ⅵ)有一定的影响.n ZVI/Cu降解Cr(Ⅵ)的过程符合伪一级还原动力学模型,还原速率与反应温度的关系符合阿仑尼乌斯(Arrhenius)定律,反应活化能Ea为104.26 k J·mol~(-1).     

纳米铁的合成、性质及其在环境修复领域的应用

由于纳米铁的特殊性质,它在环境修复领域中的应用日渐增加。本文主要介绍了纳米铁的合成、性质以及在环境修复领域的应用情况。文章归纳了目前常用的几种纳米铁合成的物理方法和化学方法;介绍了纳米铁微粒重要的理化性质;并总结了纳米铁用于修复含氯有机物污染、重金属污染和其他无机物污染场地的应用情况。     

Potential bioremediation of mercury-contaminated substrate using filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil

The use of filamentous fungi in bioremediation of heavy metal contamination has been developed recently. This research aims to observe the capability of filamentous fungi isolated from forest soil for bioremediation of mercury contamination in a substrate. Six fungal strains were selected based on their capability to grow in 25 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose agar plates. Fungal strain KRP1 showed the highest ratio of growth diameter, 0.831, thus was chosen for further observation.Identification based on colony and cell morphology carried out by 18S rRNA analysis gave a 98%match to Aspergillus flavus strain KRP1. The fungal characteristics in mercury(Ⅱ) contamination such as range of optimum pH, optimum temperature and tolerance level were 5.5–7 and 25–35℃ and 100 mg/L respectively. The concentration of mercury in the media affected fungal growth during lag phases. The capability of the fungal strain to remove the mercury(Ⅱ) contaminant was evaluated in 100 mL sterile 10 mg/L Hg2+-contaminated potato dextrose broth media in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks inoculated with 108spore/mL fungal spore suspension and incubation at 30℃ for 7 days. The mercury(Ⅱ) utilization was observed for flasks shaken in a 130 r/min orbital shaker(shaken) and nonshaken flasks(static) treatments. Flasks containing contaminated media with no fungal spores were also provided as control. All treatments were done in triplicate. The strain was able to remove 97.50%and 98.73% mercury from shaken and static systems respectively. A. flavus strain KRP1 seems to have potential use in bioremediation of aqueous substrates containing mercury(Ⅱ) through a biosorption mechanism.     

Phytoremediation of levonorgestrel in aquatic environment by hydrophytes

Adsorption and degradation of levonorgestrel （LNG） by two hydrophytes, Cyperus alternfolius （CA） and Eichhornia crassipes （EC）, were investigated under light-shielding conditions in the water column. Variations of LNG concentrations in water, plant root epidermis, root, stem and leaf of the plants were analyzed. The results indicated that the removal efficiency of LNG by hydrophytes over the period of 50 days was significantly greater than the blank control （p 〈 0.05）, with the removal rates of 79.80%± 3.10% and 78.86% ± 2.55% for CA and EC, respectively. Compared with bio-adsorption, bio-conversion of LNG was found to be the dominant elimination pathway, evidenced by relatively high conversion rates （77.31% ±2.68% for CA and 77.82% ± 2.95% for EC）, while the adsorption rates were lower （1.77% ± 0.90% for CA and 1.05% ± 0.40% for EC）. The bio-adsorption and conversion of LNG showed no significant differences between the two hydrophytes. Additionally, the mineralization on root epidermis played an important role in the reduction of LNG in water.     

微生物与铀的相互作用及其应用前景

放射性核素铀可能会对周围环境造成长期污染,因此,放射性废物中铀的处理受到了普遍关注。近年来,越来越多的证据表明,放射性核素污染微生物处理法与无机材料处理法同等重要。微生物与铀的相互作用机制主要包括以下几个方面:生物吸附,细胞内的聚积、沉淀和氧化还原转换。目前正在开展的研究旨在阐明从放射性物质贮存相关的各种极端环境中分离获得的菌株与铀之间相互作用的关键过程。对这些能与铀相互作用的细菌有了基本的了解,将有助于放射性废物处理、修复技术的发展及其在环境放射性污染防治中的推广应用。     

Cd污染土壤的植物修复研究进展

我国农业土壤重金属污染十分严重,在所有的重金属污染中,Cd以其移动性大、毒性高成为最受关注的重金属污染之一。修复Cd污染的土壤,已成为我国农业可持续发展亟待解决的问题。与传统环境修复技术相比,植物修复技术治理成本低廉,土壤破坏力小,安全性高,是目前发展最快的环境友好、经济、高效的治理技术。介绍了Cd污染现状、超积累植物的概念和特征、土壤重金属污染植物修复国内外研究进展,并对其发展趋势进行了分析。     

污染场地系列环保标准发布

正环境保护部近日批准发布了《场地环境调查技术导则》(HJ 25.1-2014)、《场地环境监测技术导则》(HJ 25.2-2014)、《污染场地风险评估技术导则》(HJ 25.3-2014)、《污染场地土壤修复技术导则》(HJ 25.4-2014)和《污染场地术语》(HJ     

污染环境治理的生物修复技术概述

生物修复在治理被有毒有害有机物污染的环境中的作用日益突出,因而相关方面的研究愈加受到重视。生物修复技术是环境生物技术的重要组成部分。总结了生物修复技术的最新研究进展,并对环境生物技术的发展进行了展望。