基于 Fl ue nt 的压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾比较分析

利用Fluent软件分别对压气水自吸风喷雾与常规喷雾进行了数值模拟,并对二者的内部流场进行了比较分析,另外,还比较了相同截面距离下二者的雾滴粒径大小,实验结果表明,相对于常规喷雾降尘,采用压气水自吸风喷雾降尘的效果要更好。     

上期答案

正开车外出游玩,来到人烟稀少的地区,口渴难忍却找不到商铺,这时如果发现后备箱中存有矿泉水能一解干渴,自然是一件很惬意的事情。然而,现在很多人都经常一向朋友们宣传"后备箱中夏天的温度会达到60oC,塑料瓶会释放很多有害物,这样的水是不能喝的"。那么这种说法是正确的吗?坦率地推测一下,这个说法的研究者可能只是用温度计测了一下后备箱的温度而已,对于塑料瓶的研究恐怕完全是空白。塑料瓶所用的1号塑料PET的确受热易变形,但仍然可以抵抗60oC的温     

龙卷风发电

正风是一种最常见的自然现象,也是人类最熟悉的天气要素之一。春风和煦,风清月明,风是一种看不见的景致;然而,"风如拔山怒"、"拔出千尺松"(陆游诗),此时风则是一种灾害。现代科学研究表明,除了台风(飓风)外,龙卷风也是一种破坏力极大的灾难性天气。但据专家测算,一场强度中等的龙卷风在1分钟内释放的能量,如果转化为电能,则可以供全中国使用50年以上。只可惜,龙卷风属于一种"可遇不可求,遇见也要躲"的"庞然大物",目前也不可能对其出现时间、地点和行踪进行准确的预报,所以,利用自然的龙卷风进行发电,并不现实。     

铜陵矿区水系沉积物中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价

重金属潜在生态危害指数是评价沉积物化学参数生物毒性大小的有效手段．我们于2002年11月和2003年11月对铜陵矿区水系进行了沉积物采样,结合水样分析结果,将不同区段河流沉积物中重金属的含量与国标值进行比较分析,并用潜在生态危害指数法对矿区水系的重金属污染和生态危害进行了评价．     

Effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filters on regulated emissions and number-size distribution of particles emitted from a diesel engine

The effects of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter (CRDPF) systems on regulated gaseous emissions, and number-size distribution and mass of particles emanated from a diesel engine have been investigated in this study. Two CRDPF units (CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2) with di erent specifications were separately retrofitted to the engine running with European steady-state cycle (ESC). An electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) was used for particle number-size distribution measurement and mass estimation. The conversion/reduction rate (RCR) of hydrocarbons (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) across CRDPF-1 was 83% and 96.3%, respectively. Similarly, the RCR of HC and CO and across CRDPF-2 was 91.8% and 99.1%, respectively. The number concentration of particles and their concentration peaks; nuclei mode, accumulation mode and total particles; and particle mass were highly reduced with the CRDPF units. The nuclei mode particles at downstream of CRDPF-1 and CRDPF-2 decreased by 99.9% to 100% and 97.8% to 99.8% respectively; and the particle mass reduced by 73% to 92.2% and 35.3% to 72.4%, respectively, depending on the engine conditions. In addition, nuclei mode particles increased with the increasing of engine speed due to the heterogeneous nucleation initiated by the higher exhaust temperature, while accumulation mode particles were higher at higher loads due to the decrease in the air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) at higher loads.     

优良雄株SF-M-1研究初报

对雄性材料SF-M-1花期、花量、花径大小、花粉量等相关指标进行了综合观察测定.研究发现,SF-M-1在花期上与红肉新品种"红什1号"完全适配,且萌芽率、花枝率、母枝单位长度花枝数、每花枝着花数、花序数、花径大小、雄蕊数和花粉生活力等指标符合优良雄株选育目标,认为该雄株材料可入选为"红什1号"的适配雄株,将进一步开展授粉试验.     

Effect of traffic restriction on atmospheric particle concentrations and their size distributions in urban Lanzhou, Northwestern China

During the 2012 Lanzhou International Marathon, the local government made a significant effort to improve traffic conditions and air quality by implementing traffic restriction measures. To evaluate the direct effect of these measures on urban air quality, especially particle concentrations and their size distributions, atmospheric particle size distributions(0.5–20 μm) obtained using an aerodynamic particle sizer(model 3321, TSI, USA) in June 2012 were analyzed. It was found that the particle number, surface area and volume concentrations for size range 0.5–10 μm were(15.0±2.1) cm-3,(11.8±2.6) μm2/cm3and(1.9±0.6) μm2/cm3, respectively, on the traffic-restricted day(Sunday), which is 63.2%, 53.0% and 47.2% lower than those on a normal Sunday. For number and surface area concentrations, the most affected size range was 0.5–0.7 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively, while for volume concentration, the most affected size ranges were 0.5–0.8, 1.7–2.0 and 5.0–5.4 μm. Number and volume concentrations of particles in size range 0.5–1.0 μm correlated well with the number of non-CNG(Compressed Natural Gas) powered vehicles, while their correlation with the number of CNG-powered vehicles was very low, suggesting that reasonable urban traffic controls along with vehicle technology improvements could play an important role in improving urban air quality.