2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚的好氧微生物降解

从北京高碑店污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选出1株能好氧降解2,2′,4,4′-四溴联苯醚(BDE-47)的细菌,并对其降解特性及有关蛋白质进行分析,目的是了解好氧条件下BDE-47的微生物降解机制.BDE-47降解菌通过平板划线法获得,其16S rDNA与不动杆菌(Acintobacter sp.)的相似度最大,为90％.采用250 mL锥形瓶研究了所得菌对BDE-47的降解情况,在BDE-47初试浓度为146 μg·L-1的条件下,经过63 d的培养,所得菌降解了45.44％的BDE-47,降解产物主要为4-OH-联苯醚,菌量增加了7倍左右.分别以BDE-47和酵母提取物为碳源培养所得菌2周,然后各自提取蛋白质,通过蛋白质双向电泳及质谱检测,发现了与BDE-47降解有关的一些特异蛋白质.本研究表明,在好氧条件下,细菌可以BDE-47为碳源生长,其过程涉及多种蛋白质的作用.     

利用餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液制备液态菌肥研究

以餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液为发酵培养基,选用圆褐固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)作为实验菌种制作固氮液态菌肥。测定了圆褐固氮菌的主要生理特性,将其接种于餐厨湿热处理脱出液中进行培养,确定最佳发酵时间,并分别测定发酵的最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量、脱出液与水的混合比例。结果表明:圆褐固氮菌在餐厨湿热处理脱出液中最佳发酵时间为36 h,发酵最佳初始p H值、接种量、培养温度、摇床转速、装液量、脱出液与水的混合比例依次为7.5、1%、30℃、150 r/min、50 m L(250 m L锥形瓶)、1∶1。圆褐固氮菌在餐厨垃圾湿热处理脱出液中进行培养后,可达到液态菌肥的活菌数标准。     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮比色法测定海水氰化物实验条件的选择

对异烟酸-吡唑啉酮比色法中氰化物水样保存时间、氯胺T含量、水浴时间和水浴温度进行显色反应条件选择。结果表明:（1）浓度范围为0.5~5 μg/L的氰化物密封水样在pH为12左右的有效保存时间达24 h,在（24~30）h内的氰化物损失率与其氰化物含量呈明显的二次方程拟合关系;（2）在氰化物含量低于4 μg下,氯胺T最佳量为2 mg,且氯胺T增量（即超过最佳量的量）与吸光值降低值呈明显的正相关线性关系;（3）含量低于4 μg的氰化物水样中显色稳定的水浴时间均在20 min之内;（4）含量低于4 μg的氰化物水样中显色灵敏度最高时的水浴温度均在40℃左右。     

Biodegradation of 2-methylquinoline by Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D isolated from activated sludge

Bacterial strain Enterobacter aerogenes TJ-D capable of utilizing 2-methylquinoline as the sole carbon and energy source was isolated from acclimated activated sludge under denitrifying conditions. The ability to degrade 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was investigated under denitrifying conditions. Under optimal conditions of temperature (35℃) and initial pH 7, 2-methylquinoline of 100 mg/L was degraded within 176 hr. The degradation of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D could be well described by the Haldane model (R² > 0.91). During the degradation period of 2-methylquinoline (initial concentration 100 mg/L), nitrate was almost completely consumed (the removal efficiency was 98.5%), while nitrite remained at low concentration (< 0.62 mg/L) during the whole denitrification period. 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-2-methylquinoline, 4-ethyl-benzenamine, N-butyl-benzenamine, N-ethyl-benzenamine and 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine were metabolites produced during the degradation. The degradation pathway of 2-methylquinoline by E. aerogenes TJ-D was proposed. 2-Methylquinoline is initially hydroxylated at C-4 to form 2-methyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline, and then forms 2-methyl-4-quinolinol as a result of tautomerism. Hydrogenation of the heterocyclic ring at positions 2 and 3 produces 2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-4-quinolinol. The carbon-carbon bond at position 2 and 3 in the heterocyclic ring may cleave and form 2-ethyl-N-ethyl-benzenamine. Tautomerism may result in the formation of 2,6-diethyl-benzenamine and N-butyl-benzenamine. 4-Ethyl-benzenamine and N-ethyl-benzenamine were produced as a result of losing one ethyl group from the above molecules.     

浸提条件对土壤中阴离子浓度的影响

文章通过测定青海省民和县中川乡中度盐碱条件下土壤水溶性氯离子和硫酸根离子浓度,分析浸提时间和浸提时的水土比对测定结果的影响。旨在明确浸提条件对离子色谱法测定土壤中水溶性氯离子和硫酸根离子的影响。结果表明,水土比为20∶1时,浸提时间60 min测定的氯离子和硫酸根离子浓度最高,而水土比为10∶1时,浸提30 min测定的浓度最高。     

一株源自海洋环境多环芳烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及适宜降解条件研究

利用以菲为唯一碳源的选择性富集培养基,从天津港6号码头潮间带表层沉积物中分离到1株多环芳烃降解细菌,命名为DHD,经16SrDNA序列比对结果显示,该菌株属门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)。DHD能以多种多环芳烃化合物包括萘、菲、蒽、芘为唯一碳源和能源生长。以菲为代表,通过摇瓶培养实验考察了该菌株降解多环芳烃的适宜培养条件为:酵母浸粉为氮源,初始pH 9.0,培养温度30℃,摇床转速为200 r/min。     

正交实验在气浮法条件筛选中的应用研究

正交试验是研究多因素多水平的一种设计方法,它是根据正交性从全面试验中挑选出部分有代表性的点进行试验,这些有代表性的点具备了“均匀分散,齐整可比”的特点,正交试验设计是分析因式设计的主要方法。是一种高效率、快速、经济的实验设计方法。将正交试验选择的水平组合列成表格,称为正交表。本文选择对溶气气浮法为研究对象,通过PAC的加入量、沉降时间、搅拌强度和搅拌时间等因素对废水的混凝处理效果有较大影响,为确定各因素的最佳值和影响效果的主次关系,选择影响较大的因素,采用正交实验确定设备最佳的运行条件。     

GJB 150.3A高温试验方法的应用及分析

介绍了GJB150．3A高温试验方法的由来以及与GJB150．3之间的联系和区别。重点对该方法中试验项目的剪裁、试验程序的选择、试验条件的确定以及试验顺序的安排进行了分析,并以某型直升机机栽天线为例,详细说明了该试验方法的应用,最后就其未来发展趋势进行了探讨。     

五孔支撑纤维膜在MBR运行中的特性研究

实验室自行研发的PVDF/PMMA/TPU共混体系的五孔支撑膜具有高强度耐冲击的特点,在一定程度上改善了传统中空纤维膜的断丝情况。将选择典型的、具有代表性的MBR工艺流程,采用自主研发的五孔膜制成帘式组件,用于处理经水解酸化后的印染废水。实验讨论了水力停留时间,曝气强度和污泥浓度对于出水水质的影响,最后确定最优的操作条件为:MBR的水力停留时间为20 h,曝气强度为2.45 m/m.h,污泥浓度为4 500 mg/L。     

Factors affecting the direct mineralization of CO2 with olivine

Olivine, one of the most abundant minerals existing in nature, is explored as a CO2 carbonation agent for direct carbonation of CO2 in flue gas. Olivine based CO2 capture is thermodynamically favorable and can form a stable carbonate for long-term storage. Experimental results have shown that water vapor plays an important role in improving CO2 carbonation rate and capacities. Other operation conditions including reaction temperature, initial CO2 concentration, residence time corresponding to the flow rate of CO2 gas stream, and water vapor concentration also considerably affect the performance of the technology.