国外发达城市如何缓解地铁压力

正地铁就像是交通工具里面最可爱的精灵,穿梭于每一座城市的每一个角落。地铁以快捷、准时、方便、便宜的特点,深受出行者的青睐。正是越来越多的人出行都首选地铁,它在缓解城市地面交通的同时,也造成了一些城市地铁乘客拥堵。为此,国外一些发达国家出台了一系列措施,让拥挤的地铁重现它服务于人类的初衷。     

电视地面频道民生新闻报道的人文关怀

中共十七大报告提出了思想政治工作应注重人文关怀,作为党的宣传喉舌的电视新闻媒体,更应当在新闻报道中体现人文关怀的精神。然而,以民生新闻报道为安身立命之本的地面电视频道,在人文关怀的认识和实践中却存在误区。在新闻报道中正确展现人文关怀,既符合受众心理,也有利于新闻媒体自身社会功能的实现,是一个"双赢"的抉择。     

绝处逢生:地铁灾难逃生术

随着地面交通的日益拥挤,人们将目光转到了地下.于是,地下铁路在许多城市变得日趋发展.由于它的方便、快捷和正点,受到人们的欢迎.     

煤矿开采引发地面塌陷的危害性评估

采用理论计算的方法得出新河煤矿开采引发地面塌陷的面积,并根据地面的具体情况对地面塌陷的危害性进行了分析评估,并对减少地面塌陷带来的危害提出了建议.     

撒哈拉沙漠独有的气象灾害

独一无二的大沙漠撒哈拉沙漠位于非洲北部,东临红海,南部到达苏丹和尼日尔河河谷;西起大西洋海岸,北部以阿特拉斯山脉和地中海为界,处在250毫米等雨线(约北纬14。线)以北,是世界上最大的沙漠。"撒哈拉"是阿拉伯语"大荒漠"一词的音译。     

Fast increasing of surface ozone concentrations in Pearl River Delta characterized by a regional air quality monitoring network during 2006-2011

Based on the observation by a Regional Air Quality Monitoring Network including 16 monitoring stations, temporal and spatial variations of ozone(O3), NO2and total oxidant(Ox) were analyzed by both linear regression and cluster analysis. A fast increase of regional O3concentrations of 0.86 ppbV/yr was found for the annual averaged values from 2006 to 2011 in Guangdong, China. Such fast O3increase is accompanied by a correspondingly fast NOx reduction as indicated by a fast NO2 reduction rate of 0.61 ppbV/yr. Based on a cluster analysis, the monitoring stations were classified into two major categories – rural stations(non-urban) and suburban/urban stations. The O3concentrations at rural stations were relatively conserved while those at suburban/urban stations showed a fast increase rate of 2.0 ppbV/yr accompanied by a NO2 reduction rate of 1.2 ppbV/yr. Moreover, a rapid increase of the averaged O3 concentrations in springtime(13%/yr referred to 2006 level) was observed, which may result from the increase of solar duration, reduction of precipitation in Guangdong and transport from Eastern Central China. Application of smog production algorithm showed that the photochemical O3production is mainly volatile organic compounds(VOC)-controlled. However, the photochemical O3production is sensitive to both NOx and VOC for O3pollution episode. Accordingly, it is expected that a combined NOx and VOC reduction will be helpful for the reduction of the O3 pollution episodes in Pearl River Delta while stringent VOC emission control is in general required for the regional O3 pollution control.     

近地面臭氧污染特征及防控措施探析

随着社会的发展,市场经济不断进步,我国工业化、城市化发展迅速,城市污染也较为严重,臭氧污染气体排放量逐年增高,二次污染物臭氧的含量也在不断升高,近地面臭氧污染问题较为严重。据不完全统计,近年来,我国空气环境检测数据显示,颗粒物浓度下降较为明显,臭氧浓度小幅度提升,近地面臭氧浓度较高,臭氧污染成为我国主要大气污染原因之一。本文对近地面臭氧污染的特征及防御措施展开讨论,提出相应建议。     

大型碳化硅生产园区面源源强及减排指标核算

以某年产25万吨大型碳化硅园区无组织排放面源为例,提出基于多个地面站气象数据的CALPUFF模型地面浓度反推方法,优化流场模拟,使得无组织面源源强核算结果更加准确,并以环境保护目标空气质量达标为原则,核算其大气污染物减排指标,得出具体结论:园区大气污染物SO2、NOX、CO、PM10年排放量分别为449.06t、86.98t、5158.58t、115.06t;无组织排放SO2、CO及PM10的减排比例分别为63.5%、19.2%、42.44%,对应减排量分别为285.16 t/a、990.45 t/a、48.83 t/a。     

呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物污染特征初步研究

挥发性有机物(VOCs)是环境空气监测的主要目标污染物。本文运用罐采样-三级冷阱预浓缩-中心切割-气相色谱(FID)/气质联用法对人群主要活动的近地面不同高度、不同时间段及不同区域的呼和浩特冬季大气环境中挥发性有机物进行定性定量分析。发现典型天气情况下,呼和浩特城区冬季近地面挥发性有机物组分中烷烃和芳香烃占比较高,城区西侧所监测点位挥发性有机物总量(TVOCs)浓度高于其他区域,且其浓度在高度和时段上存在明显差异。