我国地震应急预案的编制和完善——对汶川地震事件地震应急预案运行的思考

地震应急预案是针对可能发生的地震事件,为迅速、有效、有序地开展应急行动而预先制定的方案,是政府和社会抗震救灾工作的行动指南.本文通过对汶川地震应急响应的分析和思考,认为现行各级政府和部门地震应急预案尚存在诸多问题,并提出了修订完善现行各级政府和部门地震应急预案的建议.     

汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行与管理

汶川地震发生后,天津市地震局迅速进入应急体制,高效应对突发事件.监测中心、预报中心全体人员坚守岗位,履行职责,较好地完成了汶川地震期间天津地震前兆台网运行监控、数据管理、台站综合评比、数据服务、总结评估等项工作,以无私奉献的团队精神为地震监测预报工作做出了应有的贡献.     

低碳城市发展的国外实践

丹麦模式——低碳社区 丹麦低碳城市发展的典型代表是低碳社区。低碳社区主要是从全球气候变化的影响和减少碳排放的国家能源政策目标出发,努力发挥地方政府在节能应用中的先锋作用,大多采取以低碳化节能示范性项目为先导进行社区节能实践。     

植物修复富营养化水体分子机理的研究现状

植物修复富营养化水体具有成本低、效果好、简单易行、且可改善生态环境等优点,具有广阔的应用前景.高等水生植物在生长过程中能够大量吸收水体中的N,P等营养物质,同时释放化学物质,抑制浮游藻类生长,从而达到净化水体的效果.在此主要从分子水平介绍了植物去除富营养化水体中N,P的作用机理.     

为建设城市与农村再生资源回收利用体系而努力

大家都知道,当前气候变化问题引起了全球各国的普遍重视。从全球来看,应对气候变化、降低碳排放、节能降耗已成为一个全世界普遍关心的问题,也达成了一个共识,就是在今后的经济发展中要进一步节能     

淡水高等水生植物对浮游藻类化感作用评述

如何有效地去除富营养化水体中频繁出现的藻华,已成为水环境治理中的一个迫切需要解决的问题。本文介绍了植物化感抑藻领域的研究现状,归纳总结了具有抑藻活性的水生植物种类;讨论了水生植物释放的化感物质及其特性;阐述了环境因素对水生植物化感抑藻作用的影响;指出目前水生植物化感抑藻研究中存在的问题,并提出了展望。     

浅谈我国环境标准在环境管理中的作用

简述了我国环境标准的现状,体系和分类,分析了环境标准在环境管理中的作用。指出环境标准是制定环境规划的重要依据;是各级环保部门行使管理职能的基本依据;是企业污染治理是否达标的限定值;是推动环保科技进步的动力;是环境评价的准绳;是开展环境保护工作的基础;是环境保护法规的重要组成部分;具有投资导向作用。     

Adverse effects of metal exposure on chemotaxis towards water-soluble attractants regulated mainly by ASE sensory neuron in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants is mainly controlled by ASE sensory neuron whose specification is regulated by che-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our data suggested that exposure to high concentrations of metals, such as Pb, Cu, Ag, and Cr, would result in severe defects of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants of NaCl, cAMP, and biotin. Moreover, the morphology of ASE neuron structures as observed by relative fluorescent intensities and relative size of fluorescent puncta of cell bodies, relative lengths of sensory endings in ASE neurons, and the expression patterns of che-1 were obviously altered in metal exposed animals when they meanwhile exhibited obvious chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants. In addition, the dendrite morphology could be noticeably changed in animals exposed to 150 mol/L of Pb, Cu, and Ag. Furthermore, we observed significant decreases of chemotaxis to water-soluble attractants in Pb exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 2.5 mol/L, and in Cu, Ag, and Cr exposed che-1 mutant at concentrations more than 50 mol/L. Therefore, impairment of the ASE neuron structures and functions may largely contribute to the appearance of chemotaxis defects to water-soluble attractants in metal exposed nematodes.     

Effects of sterilization treatments on the analysis of TOC in water samples

Decomposition experiments conducted with and without microbial processes are commonly used to study the effects of environmental microorganisms on the degradation of organic pollutants.However,the effects of biological pretreatment (sterilization) on organic matter often have a negative impact on such experiments.Based on the principle of water total organic carbon (TOC) analysis,the effects of physical sterilization treatments on determination of TOC and other water quality parameters were investigated.The results revealed that two conventional physical sterilization treatments,autoclaving and 60 Co γ-radiation sterilization,led to the direct decomposition of some organic pollutants,resulting in remarkable errors in the analysis of TOC in water samples.Furthermore,the extent of the errors varied with the intensity and the duration of sterilization treatments.Accordingly,a novel sterilization method for water samples,0.45 μm micro-filtration coupled with ultraviolet radiation (MCUR),was developed in the present study.The results indicated that the MCUR method was capable of exerting a high bactericidal effect on the water sample while significantly decreasing the negative impact on the analysis of TOC and other water quality parameters.Before and after sterilization treatments,the relative errors of TOC determination could be controlled to lower than 3% for water samples with different categories and concentrations of organic pollutants by using MCUR.     

风浪作用下太湖改性沉积物对藻体絮凝去除效果研究

以壳聚糖改性的太湖原位沉积物为分散介质,应用Y-型再悬浮发生装置,通过定量模拟太湖常见的中等级别风情,研究再悬浮作用下,改性沉积物对蓝藻水华的絮凝去除作用.结果表明,在黏土加入量为0.2　g·L^-1,壳聚糖分别为0.100和0.150　g·L^-1,其蓝藻的去除率分别为93.55%和99.19%;在静止30 min后,壳聚糖加入量为0.15 　g·L^-1时,水体的浊度去除率达到78.60%;静止8 h后,水体的浊度去除率达到93.88%.同时,短期内壳聚糖的加入对水体中PO^3-₄-P有一定的去除作用.初步结果表明,在中风风情下,壳聚糖的加入量为0.15　g·L^-1时,能更有效地去除蓝藻.表明利用壳聚糖改性沉积物来絮凝沉降太湖水华藻体,具有较好的应用前景.对比研究表明,引入水动力强度和水柱高度定量模拟方法,在确定壳聚糖投加量絮凝除藻中,具有明显的方法优势.