甲醇中毒的临床表现及救治

甲醇(CH_3OH)又名木醇或木酒精,为无色、透明、易燃烧、易挥发的液体,略有酒精气味,沸点为64.5～65.0℃,比重0.791 5,闪点16℃,自燃点446℃.爆炸范围6.0％～36.5％。能与水及醇、醚、酮、酯等有机溶剂混溶。可由木材干馏或用氢和二氧化碳在高温高压下合成而得。     

Combined toxicity of copper and cadmium to six rice genotypes （Oryza sativa L.）

Accumulation of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) in six rice cultivars (94D-22, 94D-54, 94D-64, Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360) was evaluated through exposure to heavy metal contamination (100 mg/kg Cu, 1.0 mg/kg Cd, and 100 mg/kg Cu + 1.0 mg/kg Cd) in a greenhouse. The dry weight of shoot and root, concentrations of Cu and Cd in plant tissues and the Cu, Cd, P, Fe concentrations in the root surface iron plaques were analyzed eight weeks later after treatment. The results indicated that the plant biomass was mainly determined by rice genotypes, not Cu and Cd content in soil. Separated treatment with Cu/Cd increased each metal level in shoot, root and iron plaques. Soil Cu enhanced Cd accumulation in tissues. In contrast, Cu concentrations in shoot and root was unaffected by soil Cd. Compared to single metal contamination, combined treatment increased Cd content by 110.6%, 77.0% and 45.2% in shoot, and by 112.7%, 51.2% and 18.4% in root for Gui630, YY-1 and KY1360, respectively. The content level of Cu or Cd in root surface iron plaques was not affected by their soil content. Cu promoted Fe accumulation in iron plaques, while Cd has no effect on P and Fe accumulation in it. The translocation of Cu and Cd from iron plaques to root and shoot was also discussed. These results might be beneficial in selecting cultivars with low heavy metal accumulation and designing strategies for soil bioremediation.     

Combined alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge before aerobic digestion

Alkaline and ultrasonic sludge disintegration can both be used as pretreatments of waste activated sludge (WAS) for improving the subsequent anaerobic or aerobic digestion. The pretreatment has been carried out using different combination of these two methods in this study. The effect was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) in the pretreated sludge as well as the degradation of organic matter in the following aerobic digestion. For WAS samples with combined pretreatment, the released COD was in high level than those with ultrasonic or alkaline treatment. When combined with the same ultrasonic treatment, NaOH treatment resulted in more solubilization of WAS than Ca(OH)2. For combined NaOH and ultrasonic treatments with different sequences, the released COD were in the order: simultaneous treatment > ultrasonic treatment following NaOH treatment > NaOH treatment following ultrasonic treatment. For simultaneous treatment, low NaOH dosage (100 g/kg dry solid), short duration (30 min) of NaOH treatment, and low ultrasonic specific energy (7 500 kJ/kg dry solid) were beneficial for sludge disintegration. Using combined NaOH and ultrasonic pretreatment with the optimium parameters, the degradation efficiency of organic matter was increased from 38.0% to 50.7%, which is much higher than with ultrasonic (42.5%) or with NaOH pretreatment (43.5%) in the subsequent aerobic digestion at the same retention time.     

拨开云雾见晴天——记中国煤矿尘肺病治疗基金会

<正>随着时间的推移,张海超开胸验肺事件终于归于沉寂。为了维权四处奔波的张海超,在中国煤矿尘肺病治疗基金会(以下简称基金会)的帮助下,在中国煤矿工人北戴河疗养院接受了大容量全肺灌洗治疗。很难想象,缺少了基金会的帮助,     

甲型流感新诊疗方案写入孕妇儿童治疗规范

在经过三版的修订后,甲流诊疗方案第四版已经专家组修订完成,目前已上报卫生部待批。从去年甲流疫情开始,卫生部便组织专家制定诊疗方案,至今     

关注工伤职工何去何从

正原中华全国总工会法律工作部副巡视员关彬枫据统计,近年来工伤认定的人数持续增长,从2007年的80万人增长到了2012年的117.4万人,这惊人的数据足以引起社会各界的关注与思索。工伤职工所承受的不止是身体和精神上的痛苦,更面临着经济上的窘迫和身体恢复之后的一系列问题,比如如何重新回归社会、在心理上能否驱散阴霾等心理康复问题。北京义联劳动法援助与研究中心(以下简称"义联")长期关注工伤职工的权益维护,在长时间的法     

放射工作人员职业健康与安全分析

<正>作为治疗肿瘤的重要手段——放射治疗在肿瘤综合治疗中不可或缺;但放射性对人体的危害不言而喻,因此,做好放射诊疗安全防护管理工作是医院安全管理的重中之重。吉林省肿瘤医院严格遵照国家规定,定期对与职业健康有关联的3个方面进行检测分析,从而全面掌握了从事放射工作人员的职业健康状况,并不断改善整体放射防护条件,避免了职业危害的发生,确保了放射诊疗人员的健康     

一起脲液烫伤事故分析

1事故经过 2004年9月9日晨7:30左右,某化工厂四车间蒸发岗位,由于蒸汽压力波动,导致造粒喷头堵塞,车间值班主任葛某迅速调集维修工4人上塔处理.操作工李某看看将到8:00下班交班时间,手里拿套防氨过滤式防毒面具,一路来到64米高的造粒塔上,查看一下检修进度.看到维修工们正在紧张地拆卸法兰螺栓,他关心地说:"要注意安全啊!"螺栓拆完后,维修工们用撬杠撬离喷头,李某站在维修工们的身后仔细观察.当法兰刚撬开个缝,一股滚烫的脲液突然直喷出来,维修工们眼尖腿快迅速躲闪跑开,李某尚不知发生了什么事,躲闪不及,脲液扑了他满脸半身,当即昏倒在地,随后被在场的维修工们抬下造粒塔,送进医院抢救治疗.医生剥开李某的上衣,有衣服护着的地方情况还好,裸露在外面的脸、脖颈、手臂皮肤均受伤害,其中面额部皮肤为Ⅱ度烫伤.     

化学烧伤现场简易急救措施

造成烧伤的化学物质,常见的为硫酸、盐酸、硝酸和石灰、氨等酸碱类,以及磷、苯、酚类,烧伤部位一般为手、胳膊、面部等外露体位.