基于生命周期的循环农业系统评价

针对"循环经济系统是低碳经济的实现途径之一"的观点,在国内外研究的基础上,改进LCA模型,以湖南某典型的循环鸭业产业进行实证研究.整个鸭产业生命周期中耗用的不可再生资源、土地、水资源分别为48.629MJ、2.36m2和1321.41kg,潜在的温室气体、环境酸化、富营养化、人体毒性、水体毒性、土壤毒性分别为11543.26g(CO2eq)、52.36g(SO2eq)、25.83g(PO4eq)、1.26、60.74、24.65g(1,4-DCBeq),加权评估后,富营养化、水体毒性、土壤毒性潜在威胁均高于温室气体.结果表明,建立在传统生产模式上的循环农业适宜"适度循环";循环农业不能盲目追求低碳发展,在降低碳排放的同时还须考虑土壤和生物固碳,才能全面评价碳排放问题;循环经济和循环农业在评估碳排放的同时,还需对环境酸化、富营养化、生态毒性等其他生态指标进行评估,建立系统评价体系;LCA能够较好地对循环农业进行整体评价,值得进一步研究.     

Modeling assessment for ammonium nitrogen recovery from wastewater by chemical precipitation

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4 +-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4 +-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4 +-N recovery from coking wastewater was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4 + molar ratio (Mg/N) and the initial NH4 +-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4 + and CO3 2??/NH4 + molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3 2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4 +-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3 2??/N), (pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4 +-N recovery.     

绿色建筑评估标准之我见

国际绿色建筑标准制定当前,可持续发展战略已经成为世界各国的基本发展战略。在城市和建筑领域,与可持续发展战略最为直接相关的莫过于生态城市和绿色建筑的研究,其中尤以绿色建筑研究最为贴近西姓生活,绿色建筑也因此受到世界各国的高度重视,成为国际建筑领域最为关注的研究焦点之一。世界     

韩国的生态工业园区

韩国曾经是亚洲"四小龙"之一。上世纪80年代的经济高增长创造了"韩国奇迹",人均GDP从60年代初的92美元上升到2万美元左右(数据来源:韩国银行数据库)。与中国类似,韩国的工业发展也大多集中于工业园区中。目前,韩国共设立了915个园区,其中工业同区有493个,包括国家级工业园区40家,区     

英国的绿色生态建筑体系和实践

绿色生态建筑理念 20世纪60年代,许多先锋建筑师意识到,人类以牺牲生态环境为代价的高速城市化进程难以为继,耗用自然资源并制造污染最多的建筑业必须走可持续发展之路.特别是,现代建筑由于技术的改善,大量全密闭全空调的建筑物室内环境问题日益严重,以健康节能为目标的建筑研究成为发达国家建筑研究的热点.“绿色建筑”理念也就应运而生了.特别是1992年巴西里约热内卢“联合国环境与发展大会”的召开,使“可持续发展”这一理念在世界范围达成共识.由此,绿色生态建筑的研究和实践日益成为世界各国、特别是发达国家的主要课题.     

流域水污染防治绩效评估体系研究

以环境绩效评估为基础,从总量削减、水环境质量保护、公众参与、环境治理4个方面选择指标,采用层次分析法进行水污染防治绩效评估.结果表明,赣江流域水污染防治效果明显,水环境质量呈逐年变好趋势;从环境管理来看,情况有所改善,但还存在一些问题,环保投资指数成为影响水污染防治效果的主要控制因子.     

选址敏感类建设项目环境影响评估

项目选址对其进行科学的、客观的环境影响评估是十分关键的。因而,我们就要十分注意对项目环境影响评估相关技术的改进和提高,尤其是选址敏感类建设项目的环境影响评估技术的改进和提高。     

近场脉冲地震下考虑模型不确定性的桥梁时变抗震分析

为了研究近场脉冲地震下桥梁结构的时变抗震性能,以一座常规连续梁桥为研究对象,引入氯离子侵蚀模型,在考虑多种不确定性因素基础上,采用拉丁超立方抽样建立不同服役时期的时变模型样本,运用增量动力分析方法,从能力、需求以及倒塌等方面对算例桥梁的时变抗震性能进行了研究和评价。结果表明:近场脉冲型地震下结构的抗震需求明显大于远场地震;氯离子侵蚀导致钢筋锈蚀后力学性能发生改变,箍筋对核心混凝土约束能力减弱,锈蚀纵筋屈服强度及极限拉应变都降低,导致桥墩的变形能力下降;与地面运动的不确定性相比,模型参数的不确定性对结构的抗震需求均值及离散性影响均不大;随着服役时间延长,钢筋锈蚀加剧,桥墩出现倒塌破坏的概率加大。     

废干电池填埋处理的重金属浸出特征及健康风险评估

以醋酸缓冲溶液和垃圾填埋场渗滤液为浸提剂,运用翻转振荡法与静置法模拟废干电池进入垃圾填埋场后,重金属从废干电池中浸出的情形,并对废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险进行了评估。结果表明:不同实验条件下,废干电池中金属的浸出浓度与废干电池的破碎程度密切相关,废干电池破碎程度越大,电池中金属的浸出浓度越高,因而废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险也越高。以静置实验结果为依据,对废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险进行评估,表明废干电池与生活垃圾一起填埋处理的健康风险指数小于1,因此废干电池与生活垃圾可以一起填埋处理。     

Primary neuronal-astrocytic co-culture platform for neurotoxicity assessment of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate

Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides （PVC） are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalates （DEHP）, can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP＇s effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species （ROS） concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation （gliosis） was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment.