Mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption inhibition on biochar by its aging process

Biochar exposed in the environment may experience a series of surface changes, which is called biochar aging. In order to study the effects of biochar aging on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption, we analyzed the surface properties before and after biochar aging with scanning electron microscopy（SEM） coupled to an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer（EDX） and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（DRIFTS）, and then explored the influence of the aging process on Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption by batch experiments. After the aging process, the oxygen concentration, phenolic hydroxyl groups, aromatic ethers and other oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface increased, while carboxyl groups slightly decreased. Thus, over a range of pH, the cation exchange capacity（CEC） and adsorption capacity of Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar were smaller than those of new biochar,indicating that when biochar is incubated at constant temperature and water holding capacity in the dark, the aging process may inhibit Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Meanwhile, the dissociation characteristics of oxygen-containing functional groups changed through the aging process, which may be the mechanism by which the biochar aging process inhibits the Cu（Ⅱ） adsorption. Carboxyl groups became more easily dissociated at low pH（3.3–5.0）,and the variation of maximum adsorption capability（qm） of Cu（Ⅱ） on the old biochar was enlarged. Phenolic hydroxyl groups increased after the aging, making them and carboxyl groups more difficult to dissociate at high pH（5.0–6.8）, and the variation of qmof Cu（Ⅱ） on the aged biochar was reduced.     

Mg(BH_4)_2和MgH_2对RDX热分解特性的影响

在黑索今(RDX)中加入具有高热值的金属氢化物(Mg(BH4)2和MgH2)有望提高RDX的爆炸性能,但同时给RDX的安全使用带来挑战。为了探索RDX与这2种金属氢化物的相容性与安定性,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究Mg(BH4)2和MgH2对RDX热分解性能的影响,并由DSC得到的数据计算动力学参数,参照GJB770B—2005的方法分析这2种金属氢化物与RDX的相容性和安定性。结果表明,加入Mg(BH4)2使RDX的表观活化能从159.22 kJ/mol增加至180.27 kJ/mol,加入MgH2使RDX的表观活化能降低至133.69 kJ/mol;Mg(BH4)2与RDX的相容性为1级,MgH2与RDX的相容性为3级,加入Mg(BH4)2使RDX的安定性有所提高,加入MgH2降低了RDX的安定性。因此,在将MgH2作为RDX的高能添加剂以前,必须首先提高其与RDX的相容性以保证试验和存储过程的安全。     

生物矿化针铁矿吸附铬的机理探讨

针铁矿在自然界中广泛存在,对重金属离子在地表的迁移和转化有重要影响.利用天然生物矿化针铁矿进行了Cr(Ⅲ)吸附研究,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对吸附后的样品进行表征,发现样品中铬的含量随着Al2O3含量的增加而增加,说明表面带负电荷的含高岭土等的粘土较针铁矿对Cr(Ⅲ)有更强的吸附能力.样品的XPS研究表明,NO3-也参与了反应,且促进了Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化.研究还发现,Cr(Ⅲ)在针铁矿上的吸附不均匀,与文献报道的情况不同.     

重构土壤垂直剖面重金属Cd赋存形态及影响因素

针对矿业废弃地高背景值-历史矿业源相叠加区下土壤重金属Cd污染问题,以西南地区某历史硫磺矿业废弃地重构土壤为研究对象,采集剖面土壤共30个样品,分析测试土壤样品中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、镍(Ni)、砷(As)和汞(Hg),利用电镜扫描-能谱分析(SEM-EDS)和重金属形态连续提取的BCR方法,分析不同土层厚度下Cd的赋存形式,运用风险评价编码法(RAC)和次生相与原生相分布比值法(RSP)对其进行有效性评价,以及对不同理化性质下Cd各形态的变化规律进行了初步探讨.结果表明,研究区5种重金属中Cd全量的富集系数最高,达4以上;通过形貌特征可以发现,样品中存在较多的次棱角状、棱角状颗粒,不同深度下的能谱特征显示结果相似,均含有Cd、Fe、S和As等元素,Cd元素是以类质同象形式存在;对Cd进行潜在风险评价,RAC结果显示为中等风险及以下,RSP结果主要为重度污染;重金属全量是影响Cd各形态含量分布的最主要因素,其次pH、有机质和CEC,对垂直深度的土壤Cd赋存形态也表现出不同程度的影响.该研究结果可为进一步了解Cd在剖面土壤的活性、迁移规律、生物毒性和赋存形式提供科学依据.     

线性扫描溶出伏安法同时测定水样中铅镉铜锌

通过多壁碳纳米管-Nafion复合膜修饰电极,建立水样中痕量铅、镉、铜、锌同时测定的线性扫描溶出伏安分析法,优化支持电解质及pH值、修饰剂用量、富集电位及时间等测定条件。实验结果表明,在pH 4.0的NaAc-HAc缓冲液中,-1.20V富集5min后,在电位-1.04V、-0.72V、-0.45V及-0.16V附近分别产生锌、镉、铅、铜的灵敏溶出峰,测定各元素的线性关系良好,相对标准偏差均小于5.4%。该法已成功应用于实际水样中痕量铅、镉、铜、锌的同时测定,加标回收率在93.3%~106.7%之间,结果满意。     

水溶液中苯酚电离形态表征及电渗析过程迁移特征

建立了紫外全波长扫描水溶液中苯酚电离形态的表征与定量分析方法,在此基础上,阐明了不同电离形态苯酚在电渗析过程中的迁移特征。结果表明：离子态、分子态和混合态（离子态和分子态的混合物）苯酚紫外全波长扫描在220～260 nm特征区间存在不同形状的特征峰,其浓度分别与特征波长258、236和236 nm处的吸光度有显著的线性定量关系;在电渗析过程中,离子态苯酚迁移特征为电渗迁移,分子态苯酚与酸协同迁移,混合态符合电离平衡控制迁移;离子态、分子态、混合态苯酚的迁移率分别为42%、4%和13%,在电渗析水处理过程中,有机污染物分子态和混合态的迁移也是重要的研究内容。     

山东临沂矿务局电磁信息观测震例初析

本文初步总结了临沂矿务局电磁信息观测震例资料,并介绍我站利用点频接收天线进行方位扫描的方法,确定异常最大幅度的方向,用来预测震中方位,以及在对莒县3.8级和射阳4.7级地震预报中取得的结果。     

Photoelectrocatalytic degradation of Rose Bengal

An innovative photoelectrode, TiO2/T1 mesh electrode, was prepared by galvanostaticanodisation. The morphology and the crystalline texture of the TiO2 film on mesh electrode were examined by scanning electronic microscopy and Raman spectroscopy respectively. The examination results indicated that the structure and properties of the film depended on anodisation rate, and the anatase was the dominant component under the controlled experimental conditions. Degradation of Rose Bengal (RB) in photocatalytic (PC) and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reaction was investigated, the results demonstrated that electric biasing could improve the efficiency of photecatalytic reaction. The measurement results of TOC in photoelectrocatalytic degradation showed that the mineralisation of RB was complete relatively. The comparison between the degradation efficiency of RB in PEC process and that in aqueous TiO2 dispersion was conducted. The results showed that the apparent first-order rate constant of RB degradation in PEC process was larger than that in aqueous dispersion with 0.1%--0.3% TiO2 powder, but was smaller than that in aaueaus disverslon with 1.0% TiO2.     

环球扫描

查尔斯王子：富国应每年为阻止热带雨林砍伐而付费;富国应助穷国应对气候变化;中国供应商受限;绿色工作机会究竟有几多？吸收碳——温室气体。     

环球扫描两极秋千效应

在末次冰期（第四季最后一次冰期）时代，格陵兰岛和南极洲之间千年温度尺度变化的异步关系已经导致了“两极秋千效应”，而这种“两极秋千效应”使大西洋的经向环流发生了逆转变化。过去数千年，南极洲与北大西洋之间的温度变化幅度大约在1至3度之间。这两个不同的冰芯被欧洲南极冰芯研究项目的科学家描述成是“两极秋千”，