吸附-降解组合生物系统处理含铜离子城市污水

采用Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞为吸附剂的生物吸附过程组合SBR生物降解系统处理含铜离子城市废水.研究了生物吸附剂Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞的最佳制备条件以及组合系统的运行过程.实验结果表明,在优化的条件下,Pseudomonas putida 5-x细胞对铜离子的吸附容量可达87.3mg·g^-1,经生物吸附处理后,污水中Cu²⁺的含量显著降低,尽管残留的Cu²⁺对活性污泥吸附COD的能力尚有一定影响,但已不影响SBR系统对废水中COD的去除效果.研究表明,在活性污泥法处理含铜离子废水前,采用生物吸附技术降低废水中Cu²⁺含量,有利于提高后续活性污泥过程对COD的去除能力.     

Pd/CZ/Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征与三效催化性能

以共浸渍法制得的氧化铝负载铈锆固溶体为载体,并浸渍贵金属Pd得到了Pd/CZ/Al2O3催化剂.实验结果表明,该催化剂在老化前后都表现出良好的三效催化活性,新鲜样品Pd/CZ/Al2O3活性与Pd/CZ相当,老化后样品前者优于后者.结合XRD,BET,TPR等表征手段,讨论了Pd/CZ/Al2O3的催化活性特别是高温老化后活性与其组成结构之间的内在关系,揭示了其老化后仍具有较高活性的主要原因在于保持了Pd与CZ/Al2O3复合载体之间的强相互作用(SMSI).     

川西亚高山针叶林次生演替对土壤持水量的影响

次生演替己成为川西亚高山针叶林迹地上的主要演替方式之一.选择川西米亚罗林区现有次生演替序列草地、灌丛、次生桦木林、原始针叶林为对象,研究川西亚高山森林采伐迹地次生演替过程中土壤物理性质以及持水性能的变化规律.结果显示,草地、灌丛和次生桦木林与原始针叶林相比,土壤容重差异性显著,分别增加了52.17％、44.93％、17...     

2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下防护性能的劣化规律研究

目的 研究2种防护涂层体系在湿热海洋环境下自然暴露3 a的防护性能劣化规律。方法 确定试验件为钢–铝（钢）螺接连接件,试验地点为海南万宁,并按周期测得不同暴露时间下涂层A和涂层B的外观形貌、色差、光泽度、表面傅里叶红外光谱、电化学阻抗的相关数据。通过对比分析测试结果,判断2种涂层在不同暴露时间下的劣化程度,并最终得到其劣化规律。结果 涂层A自然暴露1 a老化严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落,平板区域失光率约为75%,阻抗模量降低5个数量级,色差ΔE~*为5（轻微变色）,涂层有机基团老化降解严重。涂层B自然暴露2 a,老化较严重,紧固件区域涂层剥落、生锈,平板失光率约为20%,阻抗模量降低2个数量级,色差ΔE~*为11（严重变色）,涂层有机基团轻微老化降解。结论 对于螺钉连接结构,连接区域不仅更容易被腐蚀,而且增加了附近平板区域的不一致性。涂层体系B的保护能力优于涂层体系A,涂层体系B的有效保护时间约为2 a,而涂层体系A则不到1 a。     

新时代背景下信息安全教育趋势及策略思考——评《信息安全》

信息科技推动着社会进入信息时代,信息技术深刻改变了社会运行模式,影响着广大社会民众的学习与生活.对于中专院校而言,开展信息安全教育有着紧迫性与必要性,一方面,部分中专学生学习信息技术,接受信息安全教育,提高其信息安全意识与技术能力,对其当下的学习与未来职业生涯有所帮助;另一方面,中专学生的日常生活离不开信息科技产品,如...     

川西亚高山天然次生林生态功能恢复综合评价

川西亚高山原始针叶林遭受大规模采伐后自然恢复形成的次生林已成为该区域的主要森林类型之一,具有重要的生态功能.现有森林生态功能评价大多为水源涵养等单一生态功能,尚缺乏针对多种生态功能的综合评价.采用空间代替时间的方法,以岷江冷杉原始林为参照,基于植物群落学与生物量调查,以及植物和土壤样品采集与测定,分析次生林植物多样性、...     

空心玻璃微珠对泡沫灭火剂发泡能力和热稳定性影响研究

本文研究了空心玻璃微珠添加量及泡沫液浓度对泡沫灭火剂发泡能力和稳定性的影响,对比了热辐射条件下空心玻璃微珠添加前后泡沫的热稳定性.结果表明,添加量低于40%时,空心玻璃微珠对泡沫灭火剂发泡能力影响不大,而泡沫的稳定性显著降低,添加量为50%时,虽泡沫发泡能力降低,但泡沫的稳定性却增强.泡沫的发泡能力随蛋白泡沫浓度升高而增强.蛋白浓度为10%,空心微珠添加量为50%时,由于泡沫内部形成了稳定的三相泡沫骨架结构,泡沫热稳定性较未添加微珠之前显著增强.     

Phosphatase activity and culture conditions of the yeast Candida mycoderma sp. and analysis of organic phosphorus hydrolysis ability

Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 （optimum pH 3.5）. The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil （used in planting trees） and rice soil （originating as red soil）. The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil.     

生物炭对三氯生的吸附热动力学研究

以玉米秸秆、皇竹草和花生壳为原料制备成玉米秸秆生物炭(BCcs)、皇竹草生物炭(BCn)、花生壳生物炭(BCps),采用CEC、等电点滴定,表面官能团分析,元素分析、FT-IR、扫描电镜等方法对3种生物炭进行表征,采用单因素静态吸附实验方法考察了生物炭吸附三氯生的主要影响因素.结果表明:CEC和表面官能团数量排序为BCcsBCnBCps,BCcs极性和亲水性更强,孔结构发育更加完善,其次是BCn,BCps的极性和亲水性最弱,孔隙极少.3种生物炭对三氯生的吸附去除率均随着三氯生初始浓度的升高而升高,随着温度的升高而降低,酸性更有利于吸附实验的进行.低离子强度有利于BCcs和BCn吸附三氯生,BCps则相反.在10、25、40℃3种温度下,3种生物炭对三氯生的吸附均更符合准二级反应动力学,Freundilich等温方程和Langmuir等温方程都能描述这3种生物炭对三氯生的吸附行为,吸附反应属于自发、放热反应.吸附机制主要为物理吸附,生物炭与三氯生之间无化学键、配位基交换等强作用力.     

Variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration by planting Hevea brasiliensis in Hainan Island, China

The development of rubber industry depends on the sustainable management of rubber plantation. To evaluate the environmental effects of planting Hevea brasiliensis on a subsystem of tropical forest ecosystem, the variation of soil fertility and carbon sequestration under rubber plantation within 30-year life period were investigated in Hainan Island. Results showed that （1） with the increase of stand age of rubber plantation, soil fertility decreased all along. From 1954 to 1995, soil organic matter, total N, available K and available P decreased by 48.2%, 54.1%, 56.7% and 64.1%, respectively. （2） If the complete return of litters was considered without additional fertilizer application to the soil of the rubber plantations, the consumption periods for P, N, K, Mg were only 825 years, 329 years, 94 years and 65 years, respectively~ To improve soil fertility is essential for rubber plantation development. （3） The C sequestration of rubber trees per hectare accounts for 272.08 t within 30-year life period and 57.91% of them was fixed in litters. In comparison with C sequestration by rain forest （234.305 t/hm^2） and by secondary rain forest （150.203 t/hm^2）, rubber forest has more potentials for C fixation. On the base of above results, the following measures would benefit the maintenance of soil fertility and the development of rubber industry, including applying fertilizer to maintain the balance of soil nutrients, intercropping leguminous plant to improve soil fertility, reducing the collection of litters, optimizing soil properties to improve element P availability such as applying CaCO3. The information gathered from the study can be used as baseline data for the sustainable management of rubber plantation elsewhere.