游梁式抽油机底座断裂故障分析

对一起游梁式抽油机底座断裂故障进行了原因分析,并根据具体原因提出了相应的防范措施,以减少此类故障的发生概率,确保抽油机安全平稳运行。     

连续流动分光光度法测水体中的氨氮

采用连续流动分析仪,用连续流动分光光度法,对水体中的氨氮进行实验研究。优化了试验方法,使氨氮的标准曲线线性相关性高,操作简便,大大提高了检测的效率,缩短了样品测量时间。样品中的测量值均在国家标准之内,测量的精度高。     

喀什地区环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

用1991～2005年间喀什地区的环境经济数据,通过对人均GDP数据与大气污染物、水污染和固体废弃物等数据进行回归拟合,构建了喀什地区环境库兹涅茨曲线,分析了环境指数与人均GDP之间的关系。结果表明:喀什地区降尘和总悬浮颗粒物与人均GDP之间的相关性较高,而二氧化硫和氮氧化物排放量与人均GDP的相关系数较低。从库兹涅茨曲线的变化趋势来看,大气中的污染物与人均GDP之间的EKC曲线的变化类型可分为3种;随着人均GDP的增加,人均GDP与水污染指数的拟合曲线呈现出先下降后上升的趋势,其转折点出现在2001年;从相关系数来看,工业固体废弃物产生量与人均GDP呈弱的正相关关系;从近似函数关系曲线的变化趋势来看,工业固体废弃物产生量与人均GDP之间呈现出典型的"U"型曲线。     

两点之间 曲线最短

从第一节车厢走到最后一节车厢去寻找座位的做法,大概会被＂聪明人＂耻笑为愚笨,然而笨法子却屡试不爽,因为＂聪明人＂都挤在一起等着从捷径里找出路,却不知道当直线被太多人堵塞的时候,两点之间反而变成了曲线最短。大自然总是最明白这个道理。依米花是个笨小孩,她不懂得怎样飞快地抢来养分,夺来水源,     

校准曲线的制作及有关问题的探讨

详细阐述了校准曲线的制作方法;校准曲线的空白试验、相关系数、截距、斜率、线性范围的要求和影响因素;标准曲线与工作曲线的区别;校准曲线应用中的注意事项;同时收集了21个常规分析项目的空白吸光度和标准曲线斜率的范围,用于分析中的质量控制,具有较好的参考价值。     

T-RFLP方法分析城市污水处理厂中细菌群落的动态变化

采用基于16SrRNA基因的末端限制性片段长度多态性技术(T-RFLP),分析了功能稳定的2个城市污水处理系统中(系统A及系统B),细菌群落结构在105d中的动态变化.在研究中,系统A和系统B功能稳定,BOD出水浓度均在8mg/L左右,总氮(TN)出水浓度分别在25mg/L和23mg/L之下.T-RFLP图谱分析表明,系统A中,115、118、123、471、482和835bp等T-RFs的相对丰度变化显著,系统B中,123、471、750和835bp等T-RFs的相对丰度变化显著.移动窗口分析表明,系统A中细菌群落的平均变化率Δt(15d)为21.5%±5.7%,系统B的平均变化率Δt(15d)为22.6%±5.0%.洛伦兹曲线分析表明,系统A中20%的微生物的累积相对丰度为43%～50%;系统B中20%的微生物的累积相对丰度为47%～52%.结果表明,在城市污水处理厂中,稳定的功能并没有藕联着稳定的细菌群落结构.     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

Reversibly enhanced aqueous solubilization of volatile organic compounds using a redox-reversible surfactant

Surfactant-enhanced remediation (SER) is an effective method for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from contaminated soils and groundwater. To reuse the surfactant the VOCs must be separated from the surfactant solutions. The water solubility of VOCs can be enhanced using reversible surfactants with a redox-acive group, (ferrocenylmethyl)dodecyldimethylammonium bromide (Fcl2) and (ferrocenylmethyl)tetradecanedimethylammonium bromide (Fcl4), above and below their critical micelle concentrations (CMC) under reducing (I⁺) and oxidative (I²⁺) conditions. The CMC values of Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ are 0.94 and 0.56 mmol/L and the solubilization of toluene by Fcl2 and Fcl4 in I⁺ for toluene is higher than the solubilization achieved with sodium dodecyl sulfate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Trition X-114. The solubilization capacity of the ferrocenyl surfactants for each tested VOCs ranked as follows: ethylbenzene > toluene > benzene. The solubilities of VOCs by reversible surfactant in I⁺ were 30% higher than those in I²⁺ at comparable surfactant concentrations. The effects of Fcl4 concentrations on VOCs removal efficiency were as follows: benzene > toluene > ethylbenzene. However, an improved removal efficiency was achieved at low ferrocenyl surfactant concentrations. Furthermore, the reversible surfactant could be recycled through chemical approaches to remove organic pollutants, which could significantly reduce the operating costs of SER technology.     

植物能感受人的情感

植物能思考判断吗？美国著名的科学家巴克斯特用测谎器作过这样一个试验：先将龙血树的一片叶子浸入一杯烫咖啡中,反应并不强烈。他打算用火烧这片叶子,刚产生这个念头,测谎器记录纸上立刻出现强烈的信号反应。植物遇险,也会“昏厥”。     

丙烯气体最小点火能研究

为研究丙烯气体最小点火能随温度的变化规律,首先采用最小点火能测试系对甲烷气体进行了测试和评估,得到了不同温度下的最小点火能及其随温度的变化趋势。结果表明,可燃气体(或液体蒸气)敏感浓度均略高于其当量浓度。气体最小点火能随温度升高而增大。