低温等离子体治理H2S污染的实验研究

低温等离子体技术是一种高效、快速的污染消除技术，国内外都在对其进行广泛而深入的研究。采用脉冲电晕放电等离子体对空气中的硫化氢进行降解研究，探索了、脉冲峰压、脉冲频率、气体流量以及气体初始浓度对净化效果的影响，气体浓度由气相色谱仪测定。结果表明，脉冲电晕放电可以有效消除硫化氢污染，净化率随脉冲峰压和脉冲频率的增加而提高，随气体初始浓度和流量的增加而下降，且在初始浓度360mg／m^2、流量1200mL／min、脉冲峰压30kV、脉冲频率80Hz的条件下，处理后的气体中已检测不到H2S，根据色谱检测限（0．29mg／m^3）计算出的净化率≥99．92％。采用离子色谱对产物进行了定性分析，发现H2S经放电处理后主要产物为SO2和SO3。     

介质特性对DBD降解苯的影响

为了提高介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)等离子体的处理效率,研究了内外介质组成分别为:(1)石英 石英;(2)陶瓷 石英;(3)陶瓷 陶瓷这3种情况下苯的降解情况.试验结果表明,在处理低浓度含苯废气时,陶瓷 陶瓷效果最好;陶瓷(内管) 石英(外管)在处理高浓度含苯废气时显示出优势.通过对气相产物和固相结焦产物的分析验证了DBD能有效降解苯,降解产物不会带来新的污染.进一步分析了实验条件和介质材料的变化对DBD降解苯的影响机理.     

低温等离子体催化治理气态污染物的研究进展

低温等离子体催化技术作为一种环保新技术具有能耗低、使用便利、不产生副产物等优点,介绍了低温等离子体催化技术的基本原理和在处理VOCs、氮氧化物和机动车尾气治理等领域的研究进展.并提出了该技术应用于治理废气领域尚需解决的问题和发展方向.     

介质阻挡放电脱除H2S影响因素研究

恶臭污染物的危害已引起世界各国的广泛关注.选取恶臭污染物的典型代表硫化氢(H2S)气体,采用介质阻挡放电低温等离子体反应器在常温常压下对H2S气体进行去除,考察了在高频放电条件下,H2S去除率与放电电压、频率、浓度、停留时阃、湿度、和放电间隙、占空比的关系.实验结果表明,较高的放电电压、较长的停留时间、较大的放电间隙有利于提高H2S去除,合适的湿度、放电频率、脉冲调制有利于提高反应器的效率.反应器参数与电源的有效匹配对于提高H2S去除率及节能降耗十分重要.     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan, Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2. Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters. The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching of tailings, respectively.     

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from wastewater by soils in rural areas in China

Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.     

短信息

德国开发出"可印刷的"电池德国研究人员最近开发出了世界上首款"可印刷的"电池,它薄如纸张,用丝网印刷技术就能生产。据德新社报道,德国弗劳恩霍弗电子纳米系统研究所研发的这种"薄纸"电池每个质量不足1克,厚度不到1毫     

海水中痕量元素测定及其在重金属污染源判别方面的应用

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)研究了胶州湾及莱州湾这两个海域中痕量元素污染水平,发展了ICP-MS海水环境中痕量元素的测定方法,同时找出海水环境中具有保守性的数种元素作为污染示踪元素.达到对于海水环境中痕量污染物被动示踪的目的.对18个真实样品进行了识别率试验,识别率可达90%以上,在选取3个海水样品及1个河水样品混合后的模拟分担率实验,也取得了满意的结果,其误差平均值仅有1.17%.     

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成系统脱汞研究

热解析-脉冲低温等离子体集成处理系统是专门针对典型含汞废物安全处置而开发的,可以同时有效控制汞等多种复合气体污染物。通过检测热解炉后烟气中和等离子体反应器入口、出口气体中Hg0和Hg2+浓度,研究汞的价态转化及添加剂对脱汞效果的影响。结果表明:热解烟气中Hg2+/HgT为17%~45%,Hg0/HgT为55%~83%,热解温度主要影响汞价态分布,WMC添加量主要影响汞浓度值;加入添加剂会促进汞的脱除,但添加剂过量不利于汞的氧化;热解炉中添加50 g WMC和5 g升华硫添加剂时,反应器内Hg0氧化率和总汞损失率分别可达55%和42%。该研究可以为探索新型含汞废物处置工艺,实现含汞废物深度净化提供新思路。     

ICP-MS法测定含油固体废物金属元素及两种消解方法比较

比较电热板消解和微波消解两种消解方法对测定含油固体废物金属元素的影响,并通过电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定其中10种金属元素的含量。通过F检验验证两种消解方法的差异,结果表明:电热板消解和微波消解两种消解方法对测定数据准确性无显著影响,但微波消解具有精密度好、耗酸量少、不易引入污染、消解彻底、用时较短等优势。进一步对微波消解体系和ICP-MS分析条件进行优化后发现,采用HNO_3-H_2O_2-HF混合酸体系微波消解含油固体废物样品后以~(103 )Rh作为内标元素,能够有效校正含油固体废物样品基体干扰。元素检出限为0.06～1.8mg/L,相对标准偏差在2.99%～9.63%的范围内,加标回收率在89.4%～113%之间。该方法耗酸量少,灵敏度高,快速准确,能够应用于含油固体废物中金属元素的测定。