Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

芽孢杆菌K1降解亚硝酸盐的特性研究

研究了芽孢杆菌K1对NO2-N的降解作用.对影响降解的主要因素如NO2-N初始浓度、培养时间、接种量、装液量、静置与摇床培养等进行实验,结果表明:K1在NaNO2初始浓度为500 ㎎/L的营养肉汤培养48 h后,NO2-N盐降解率最高,达到了98.92%.随着培养时间的延长,NO2-N降解率升高,在K1菌生长对数期,NO2-N降解速度最快.24和48 h时,接种量为0.5%的NO2-N降解率低于接种量大于1%的降解率,说明了培养液初始菌量的大小对NO2-N的降解有影响.NO2-N降解率随着装液量的减少而降低.K1静置培养的菌量和NO2-N降解率都低于摇床培养的菌量和NO2-N降解率.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株对小鼠和雏鸡的安全性

以苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304为受试菌株,对小鼠和雏鸡进行安全性测试,考察BMB304在鸡肠道中的存留情况,以探索利用苏云金芽胞杆菌S-层表面展示系统研制热稳定性禽用口服活菌疫苗的安全性和可行性.小鼠腹腔一次性注射1010 CFUBMB304菌液1.0 mL,观察14 d,未发现有急性毒性反应.小鼠饮用含BMB304 108 CFU/mL、107 CFU/mL和106 CFU/mL的饮用水28 d,各组小鼠精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组小鼠体重变化、脏器系数、血常规指标及血液生化指标与对照组无显著性差异.雏鸡24 h内灌服1010 CFU BMB304芽胞液1.0mL,14 d内未出现急性毒性反应.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞108 CFU/g、107 CFU/g和106 CFU/g饲料28 d,雏鸡精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组的日增重与对照组差异不显著.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞106 CFU/g饲料3 d后,经测定,芽胞能在肠道中萌发并至少存留5 d但不超过7 d.研究表明,苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304对小鼠和雏鸡安全无毒,且能在鸡肠道内暂时定植,能被用于研制在细胞表面展示外源抗原并能常温长期保存的新型禽用口服疫苗.     

物理诱变处理氧化亚铁硫杆菌的育种研究

以氧化亚铁硫杆菌作为出发菌,采用物理诱变进行处理。研究结果表明,经过微波和超声波诱变均能加快氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe2+和转化SO32-的速度。尤其是经过90 s微波处理的氧化亚铁硫杆菌进入对数期的时间比未经诱变前缩短12 h,48 h时Fe2+的氧化率达到99%,4小时后SO32-基本全部转化为SO42-。     

Biodegradation of Crystal Violet by Agrobacterium radiobacter

Agrobacterium radiobacter MTCC 8161 completely decolorized the Crystal Violet with 8 hr (10 mg/L) at static anoxic conditions. The decreased decolorization capability by A. radiobacter was observed, when the Crystal Violet concentration was increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. Semi-synthetic medium containing 1% yeast extract and 0.1% NH4Cl has shown 100% decolorization of Crystal Violet within 5 hr. A complete degradation of Crystal Violet by A. radiobacter was observed up to 7 cycles of repeated addition (10 mg/L). When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Crystal Violet (100 mg/L) was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15% inoculum concentration. A significant increase in the activities of laccase (184%) and aminopyrine N-demethylase (300%) in cells obtained after decolorization indicated the involvement of these enzymes in decolorization process. The intermediates formed during the degradation of Crystal Violet were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). It was detected the presence of N,N,N′,N′′-tetramethylpararosaniline, [N; N-dimethylaminophenyl] [N-methylaminophenyl] benzophenone, N; N-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, 4-methyl amino phenol and phenol. We proposed the hypothetical metabolic pathway of Crystal Violet biodegradation by A. radiobacter. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity study showed that Crystal Violet biodegradation metabolites were less toxic to bacteria (A. radiobacter, P. aurugenosa and A. vinelandii) contributing to soil fertility and for four kinds of plants (Sorghum bicolor, Vigna radiata, Lens culinaris and Triticum aestivum) which are most sensitive, fast growing and commonly used in Indian agriculture.     

Application of waste frying oils in the biosynthesis of biodemulsifier by a demulsifying strain Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1

Exploration of biodemulsifiers has become a new research aspect. Using waste frying oils (WFOs) as carbon source to synthesize biodemulsifiers has a potential prospect to decrease production cost and to improve the application of biodemulsifiers in the oilfield. In this study, a demulsifying strain, Alcaligenes sp. S-XJ-1, was investigated to synthesize a biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as carbon source. It was found that the increase of initial pH of culture medium could increase the biodemulsifier yield but decrease the demulsification ratio compared to that using paraffin as carbon source. In addition, a biodemulsifier produced by waste frying oils and paraffin as mixed carbon source had a lower demulsification capability compared with that produced by paraffin or waste frying oil as sole carbon source. Fed-batch fermentation of biodemulsifier using waste frying oils as supplementary carbon source was found to be a suitable method. Mechanism of waste frying oils utilization was studied by using tripalmitin, olein and tristearin as sole carbon sources to synthesize biodemulsifier. The results showed saturated long-chain fatty acid was difficult for S-XJ-1 to utilize but could effectively enhance the demulsification ability of the produced biodemulsifier. Moreover, FT-IR result showed that the demulsification capability of biodemulsifiers was associated with the content of C=O group and nitrogen element.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌BtZ01对小鼠胚胎和胚后发育的影响

为了探讨苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Bt Z01对小鼠胚胎发育和胚后生长发育的影响,将48只孕鼠随机分组,试验组饲喂浓度分别为106CFU·m L-1、108CFU·m L-1、5×109CFU·m L-1的Bt Z01菌液,并设灭菌水为对照组。采用行为致畸学方法检查Bt Z01对小鼠胚胎和胚后发育的影响并制作脏器切片,测量脏器指数等指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组小鼠在胚胎和胚后发育各阶段体重和体长无显著差异(P0.05),胚胎畸形发生率无增加,骨骼染色观察发现高剂量组小鼠后囟门显著大于其他3组(P0.05)。18 d与48 d小鼠部分脏器指数存在显著差异,但病理切片观察发现仅高剂量组肾脏有病变发生。试验结果表明,苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt Z01在浓度为108CFU·m L-1及以下时对小鼠胚胎发育及胚后生长发育无不良影响。     

枯草芽孢杆菌液体生物被膜形成中对镉离子耐受性研究

生物膜法被广泛用于污水处理领域,而污水中含有的重金属离子会严重影响生物被膜的稳定性,降低污水处理效率。该研究以污水处理系统中常见的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)为研究对象,分析了菌体在液体生物被膜形成过程中对镉离子的耐受性。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌胞外基质合成的抑制因子Sin R缺失后,突变株耐受Cd2+离子的能力明显增强,说明胞外基质能够提高菌体对Cd2+的耐受性;△eps G突变株比△tas A突变株对Cd2+更敏感,说明胞外多糖比胞外蛋白起到更显著的保护作用;同时发现△eps G突变株和△tas A突变株可以共享分别产生的胞外蛋白和多糖;该研究还首次发现硬水软化剂EDTA-2Na能够提高菌株形成生物被膜过程中对Cd2+的耐受性。该研究对于提高污水处理系统中生物被膜的初始驯化速度和生物被膜稳定性具有一定的理论指导和实践意义。     

降解园林废弃物专用固体复合菌的构建及其堆肥效应研究

目前应用于园林废弃物堆肥中的复合菌剂大多为液态菌剂,其制作存在无菌操作要求高、产品存在运输不便等问题,拟尝试通过固体菌剂加以克服.为获得可高效降解园林废弃物的固体复合菌剂,利用前期获得的固体菌剂芽孢杆菌（Bacillus sp.）B01和B02进行混配制成复合菌剂,通过正交试验对复合比例（B01:B02）及复合菌剂接种浓度进行优化,筛选出降解效果最佳的固体复合菌剂SB012,并与其液体复合菌剂LB012进行对比,探究二者对园林废弃物堆肥过程的影响.结果表明:各因素对固体复合菌剂应用效果均有极显著影响,其影响程度表现为复合比例>复合菌剂接种浓度;最佳固体复合菌剂是复合比例（B01:B02）为7.5:2.5,复合菌剂接种浓度为2.5%.与LB012相比,SB012可使木质素降解率提高7.79%,纤维素降解率提高5.30%,腐殖质含量提高6.29%,腐殖化系数（HI）提高23.02%.研究显示,通过对复合比例和复合菌剂接种浓度的优化,成功制得固体复合菌剂SB012,该菌剂可高效降解园林废弃物中的木质素、纤维素,促进腐殖质生成,提高堆肥产品品质.      

焊肉位置对连续管冲蚀磨损规律研究

针对连续管在压裂作业时连续管内壁易受冲蚀磨损甚至导致失效的问题,基于液固两相流和冲蚀理论,利用FLUENT软件对比研究了带焊肉的直连续管、360°弯曲连续管、正弦弯曲连续管等连续管的内壁冲蚀磨损以及焊肉位置对360°弯曲连续管的冲蚀磨损规律。研究表明:360°弯曲连续管的最大冲蚀速率较直连续管增加了近22倍,正弦弯曲连续管的最大冲蚀速率较直连续管增加了近264倍;在360°弯曲连续管中,焊肉分布在外侧时连续管所受的最大冲蚀速率较无焊肉增加了约57%,焊肉在连续管内的扭转角度由90°增加到360°时,连续管最大冲蚀速率增加了约277%,建议控制焊肉位置以及焊肉扭转程度以减小冲蚀磨损。