生物检测标志物和分析方法

有四种分子水平的生物检测标志物在当前研究环境因素－基因变异－疾病之间相关性的分子生物学领域中起着重要的作用，它们是生物大分子样品的ＤＮＡ加合物，蛋白质加合物、８－羟基脱氧鸟苷、生物排泄筘的烷基化脱氧嘌呤，因为ＤＮＡ的特殊作用，ＤＮＡ加合物作为生物标志物倍受重视，ＤＮＡ加合物的分析方法有荧光法（灵敏度达１加合物／１０＾５－６正常核酸），免疫法（灵敏度达１加合物／１０＾６－８正常核酸），＾３２Ｐ后标记     

活性污泥胞外聚合物中蛋白质的探针分析方法

应用微相吸附-光谱修正技术(Microsurface adsorption-spectral correction,简称MSASC),利用刚果红(Congo Red,简称CR)探针测定了活性污泥胞外聚合物(Extracellular polymeric substances,简称EPS)中蛋白质(Protein)的含量,与常用的Folin酚法比较,结果一致,蛋白加标回收率为94.5%～107.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)＜4.5%.对反应机理的分析和产物结合常数的计算结果表明,在pH 2.21时CR-Protein作用符合Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,产物的结合比79∶1,结合常数K=2.17×106,聚集形式为Protein·CR79,摩尔吸收系数ε664r=8.50×105L·mol-1·cm-1.     

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on protein, proline and antioxidant enzyme activities in growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings

Phytotoxicity of cadmium on growing Arachis hypogaea L. seedlings was studied. Seeds were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 μmol/L CdCl2 concentrations, for a period of 10, 15, 20 and 25 d. The extent of damage to chlorophyll, protein, proline, nitrate and nitrite reductase, antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves and roots were evaluated after 10 d of cadmium stress. The higher concentration of cadmium （100 μmol/L） resulted （leaves and roots） total chlorophyll 91.01%, protein 79.51%, 83.61%, nitrate reductase 79.39%, 80.72% and nitrite reductase 77.07%, 75.88% activity decreased with increase in cadmium concentrations and exposure periods. Cadmium caused significant changes in the activity of antioxidative enzymes. Contrastingly Cd treated plant tissues showed an increase in proline 159.87%, 239.6%, gluthion reductase （GR） 337.72%, 306.14%, superoxide disumutase （SOD） 688.56%, 381.72%, ascorbate peroxidase （APX） 226.47%, 252.14%, peroxidase （POD） 72.19%, 60.29% and catalase （CAT） 228.96%, 214.74% as compared to control. Cadmium stress caused a significant increase in the rate of SOD activity in leaves and roots of plant species. Results show the crop A. hypogaea is highly sensitive even at very low cadmium concentrations.     

植物根际对人工湿地系统中微生物的影响

通过测定美人蕉、花叶水葱和风车草3种不同植物根际及其周围基质微生物的蛋白质、多糖以及CO_2的释放,开展了根际对微生物影响的试验。结果表明:在植物种植的4个月内微生物生长繁殖的活性会随着时间的延长呈增长趋势;根据3种植物的系统微生物呼吸强度强弱,发现系统微生物的总活性为:花叶水葱美人蕉风车草;对比3种植物的根际与其周围基质微生物蛋白质和多糖的含量,表明湿地中植物的根际对微生物胞外聚合物具有一定促进作用。     

身体中少了不行的维生素B12

在维生素这个大家族里,有一种维生素含有金属元素,那就是维生素B₁₂。由于维生素B₁₂含有金属元素钴,所以又被称为钴胺素。维生素B₁₂是一种在1948年被美国和英国学者发现并命名的红色晶体状物质。维生素B₁₂在消化道内的吸收依赖于一种胃黏膜细胞分泌的糖蛋白内因子,当维生素B₁₂从食物中的蛋白质复合体中释放出来,它们会与内因子结合,逐步被人体吸收。     

溃坝风险的地域性、时变性与社会性分析

对我国1954-2010年的溃坝资料按三个不同经济社会发展阶段和东部、中部、西部三个区域进行了年均溃坝率、溃坝生命损失及溃坝生命风险统计分析,揭示了它们时变性、地域性与社会性特点。     

热水冲洗食材易致营养流失?

<正>有很多人在解冻肉的时候喜欢用热水,这样解冻会快一些,可是将肉浸泡在热水中一定时间后,容易使肉中的蛋白质流失溶于水中。寒冷的冬季用冷水洗蔬果,是一件非常艰难的事情,有些人就用热水来洗。今天就为大家揭晓,热水冲洗蔬果到底会不会导致营养流失?热水洗肉:可使营养素微量损失有关专家表示,用热水洗肉可能会造成蛋白质及微量血红素铁、矿物质的流失,但流失量微乎其微。"如果用热水进行清洗,可以使肉表     

内循环UASB中微生物群落多样性分析研究

应用聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chajn reaction,PCR)结合变形梯度凝胶电泳(denature gadient gel elecophoresis,DGGE)技术对内循环UASB反应器内活性污泥的微生物多样性进行分析。通过OMEGA试剂盒的方式提取活性污泥中微生物的基因组DNA,以细菌通用引物进行16S rDNA基因V3高变异区域PCR扩增,再将PCR产物(约200bp)进行变性梯度凝胶电泳分离(变形梯度为30%⁶0%),从而获得表征污泥样中微生物群落特征的DNA指纹图谱。借助Quantity One软件对不同污泥样进行多样性分析。研究表明,内循环UASB反应器内不同取样口取得的活性污泥虽有着共同的和不同的微生物种属,但DGGE图谱中多为共同带,少有特征带,污泥样品间的相似性很高、微生物群落多样性基本一致。反应器内污泥混合均匀、微生物种类丰富,反应器运行稳定且有很强的抗冲击能力。     

Bioaugmentation with a pyridine-degrading bacterium in a membrane bioreactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater

The bacterial strain Paracoccus denitrificans W12, which could utilize pyridine as its sole source of carbon and nitrogen, was added into a membrane bioreactor （MBR） to enhance the treatment of a pharmaceutical wastewater. The treatment efliciencies investigated showed that the removal of chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were similar between bioaugmented and non-bioaugmented MBRs, however, significant removal of pyridine was obtained in the bioaugmented reactor. When the hydraulic retention time was 60 hr and the influent concentration of pyridine was 250-500 mg/L, the mean effluent concentration of pyridine without adding W12 was 57.2 mg/L, while the pyridine was degraded to an average of 10.2 mg/L with addition of W12. The bacterial community structure of activated sludge during the bioaugmented treatment was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR-DGGE）. The results showed that the W12 inoculum reversed the decline of microbial community diversity, however, the similarity between bacterial community structure of the original sludge and that of the sludge after bioaugmentation decreased steadily during the wastewater treatment. Sequencing of the DNA recovered from DGGE gel indicated that sp., Sphingobium sp., Comamonas sp., and Hyphomicrobium sp. were the dominant organisms in time sequence in the bacterial community in the bioaugmented MBR. This implied that the bioaugmentation was affected by the adjustment of whole bacterial community structure in the inhospitable environment, rather than being due solely to the degradation performance of the bacterium added.     

食品废物中蛋白质利用及提取技术的研究进展

食品废物的填埋、焚化等处置方式引起了严重的环境问题,也造成了能源的极大浪费。食品废物中蛋白质的提取和利用技术已成为解决当前食品废物的处置和未来蛋白质能源供应问题的关键。该文对近几年食品加工行业常用的蛋白质提取技术及其新进展作了总结;同时归纳了近几年食品废物中的蛋白质利用情况,包括食品废物生产单细胞蛋白、生物活性肽、昆虫蛋白、氨基酸和蛋白饲料等方面;最后,对餐厨垃圾以及食品废物中蛋白质提取技术的发展和研究方向进行了展望。