Enhancing plant-microbe associated bioremediation of phenanthrene and pyrene contaminated soil by SDBS-Tween 80 mixed surfactants

The use of surfactants to enhance plant-microbe associated dissipation in soils contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) is a promising bioremediation technology. This comparative study was conducted on the effects of plant-microbe treatment on the removal of phenanthrene and pyrene from contaminated soil, in the presence of low concentration single anionic, nonionic and anionic-nonionic mixed surfactants. Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) and Tween 80 were chosen as representative anionic and nonionic surfactants, respectively. We found that mixed surfactants with concentrations less than 150 mg/kg were more effective in promoting plant-microbe associated bioremediation than the same amount of single surfactants. Only about(m/m) of mixed surfactants was needed to remove the same amount of phenanthrene and pyrene from either the planted or unplanted soils, when compared to Tween 80. Mixed surfactants( 150 mg/kg) better enhanced the degradation efficiency of phenanthrene and pyrene via microbe or plant-microbe routes in the soils. In the concentration range of 60–150 mg/kg, both ryegrass roots and shoots could accumulate 2–3 times the phenanthrene and pyrene with mixed surfactants than with Tween 80. These results may be explained by the lower sorption loss and reduced interfacial tension of mixed surfactants relative to Tween 80, which enhanced the bioavailability of PAHs in soil and the microbial degradation efficiency. The higher remediation efficiency of low dosage SDBS-Tween 80 mixed surfactants thus advanced the technology of surfactant-enhanced plant-microbe associated bioremediation.     

Removal of arsenate with hydrous ferric oxide coprecipitation：Effect of humic acid

Insights from the adverse effect of humic acid(HA) on arsenate removal with hydrous ferric oxide(HFO) coprecipitation can further our understanding of the fate of As(V) in water treatment process. The motivation of our study is to explore the competitive adsorption mechanisms of humic acid and As(V) on HFO on the molecular scale. Multiple complementary techniques were used including macroscopic adsorption experiments, surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure(EXAFS) spectroscopy, flow-cell attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR) measurement, and charge distribution multisite complexation(CDMUSIC) modeling. The As(V) removal efficiency was reduced from over 95% to about 10% with the increasing HA concentration to 25 times of As(V) mass concentration. The SERS analysis excluded the HA-As(V) complex formation. The EXAFS results indicate that As(V) formed bidentate binuclear surface complexes in the presence of HA as evidenced by an As-Fe distance of 3.26–3.31 ?. The in situ ATR-FTIR measurements show that As(V) replaces surface hydroxyl groups and forms innersphere complex. High concentrations of HA may physically block the surface sites and inhibit the As(V) access. The adsorption of As(V) and HA decreased the point of zero charge of HFO from 7.8 to 5.8 and 6.3, respectively. The CD-MUSIC model described the zeta potential curves and adsorption edges of As(V) and HA reasonably well.     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Gemini1231双季铵盐选择性抑制赤潮生物生长的实验

以甲藻门的东海原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻、裸甲藻,黄藻门的赤潮异弯藻,硅藻门的中肋骨条藻等典型赤潮生物以及绿藻门的青岛大扁藻和亚心形扁藻2种非赤潮生物为研究对象,探讨了Gemini1231双季铵盐类表面活性剂的抑藻活性.结果表明,该表面活性剂在较低浓度下(0.2～0.5 mg·L^-1时),对东海原甲藻、塔玛亚历山大藻和赤潮异湾藻等赤潮生物的生长表现出了明显的抑制作用.当该双季铵盐的浓度增至0.5 mg·L^-1以上时,对中肋骨条藻的生长也表现出了一定的抑制作用.而在相同浓度范围内,对裸甲藻和所选用的2种非赤潮生物生长的影响不明显,表现出了抑藻作用的选择性.对各海洋微藻的脂肪酸组成分析表明,该表面活性剂的选择性抑藻作用与不同海洋微藻生物膜的脂肪酸组成,尤其是其多不饱和脂肪酸的含量明显相关.     

多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的表面吸附和分配作用特征

通过模拟实验研究了多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的吸附特征,重点探讨了表面吸附和分配作用对吸附的贡献,结果表明:①随着泥沙含量的增加,总吸附量在增加,而单位颗粒物的吸附量却在减少;且泥沙含量不同时,吸附等温式的拟合方程也不同;②颗粒物对多环芳烃的吸附等温线与吸附-分配复合模式拟合较好;表面吸附和分配作用对多环芳烃的吸附实验值与吸附-分配模式中的理论值比较吻合;③在实验浓度范围内,黄河颗粒物对多环芳烃的吸附以表面吸附为主,如当颗粒物含量为3、8和15g/L,液相平衡浓度分别为2.84、2.35和3.4μg/L时,表面吸附对总吸附的贡献分别为67.85%、65.6%和62.69%;且表面吸附对总吸附的贡献大小顺序可以用泥沙含量表示为:3g/L>8g/L>15g/L,即随着泥沙含量的增加,表面吸附的贡献有减小的趋势;④单一多环芳烃在颗粒物上的单位吸附量大于3种多环芳烃共存时的单位吸附量,这从另一角度证实多环芳烃在黄河水体颗粒物上的吸附以表面吸附为主.     

3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰纳米Ti2吸附对硝基苯酚

化学吸附法合成3,5-二硝基水杨酸表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子,TiO₂表面修饰后呈浅黄色,TiO₂表面羟基与3,5-二硝基水杨酸发生类似于醇和酸间的酯化反应.表层链接有苯环,极性减弱,非极性增强,在水、苯、乙醇中均分散性良好,与芳香族污染物的亲合力增强,有利于吸附去除芳香族污染物.表面修饰的TiO₂纳米粒子20mg,在最佳吸附pH值3、吸附时间10min,对100mL对硝基苯酚(3～10 mg/L)的吸附率可由改性前的43%增至99.9%.该法吸附效率高,可直接达到一级排放标准,提供了深度处理对硝基苯酚废水的新方法.     

低浓度表面活性剂对景观水体沉积物稳定性及总氮的释放影响

为探究低浓度表面活性剂对沉积物稳定性及总氮的释放影响,通过吸管法和振荡再悬浮研究了两类表面活性剂SDBS和Tween-80对沉积物稳定性及总氮释放的影响。结果表明:在低浓度表面活性剂下,沉积物溶液稳定性增强,随着浓度升高,溶液稳定性逐渐降低。且Tween-80对沉积物颗粒稳定性的影响要强于SDBS。低浓度表面活性剂的加入使沉积物中TN的释放量增大;随着浓度升高,TN的释放量逐渐减少。因此低浓度表面活性剂更有利于沉积物中TN的释放,加剧了水体内源污染。     

路面漏油污染的光催化降解试验研究

为了减轻路面漏油污染对道路和周边环境的破坏并保证行车安全,提出选取合适的光催化材料涂覆在道路表面进行防治,通过室内模拟试验,以试验前后模拟路面上的油污减少量作为评价指标,对油污在模拟路面上的光催化降解效果进行了研究,并探讨了光催化材料用量、光照强度以及温度等不同因素对油污降解效果的影响。试验结果表明:在光照条件下,应用于道路表面的光催化材料能够有效减轻路面漏油污染,油污降解率最高达到约75%;不同试验条件下,油污降解效果存在较大差别,光催化材料用量和光照强度对降解效果的影响显著。     

改性半焦烟气脱硫的机理研究

本文对海拉尔褐煤半焦及其水蒸气活化和高温氧化改性后的烟气脱硫性能进行了研究。