利用缫丝废水处理过程中产生的微生物蛋白制备复合氨基酸

以缫丝废水处理过程中产生的微生物蛋白为原料,采用正交实验分析了采用酸水解、超声波水解、微波水解制备复合氨基酸的最佳工艺条件,并对比了最佳工艺条件下的水解效果.结果表明,酸水解的最佳工艺条件是水解时间2.Oh、固液比(体积比,下同)5∶1、硫酸质量分数50％、水解温度100℃,超声波水解的最佳工艺条件是水解时间0.5h、...     

超声波-铁粉协同降解五氯酚

通过超声波-铁粉联合体系协同降解废水中的五氯酚(PCP).实验结果表明:降解120 min后,PCP去除率可达90.4％;在该体系中铁粉被逐渐腐蚀成Fe2+,随降解时间的延长,Fe2+浓度逐渐增加;体系中的Fe2+可以促进·OH的产生,并且可以与超声空化作用下产生的H2O2发生Fenton试剂氧化反应降解PCP;超声波...     

预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C3N4光催化降解罗丹明B

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)和g-C_3N_4为原料,采用超声波辅助分散的溶液浸渍法及煅烧法制备了具有共轭结构的预氧化聚丙烯腈/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂(CPAN/g-C_3N_4),采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、UV-Vis DRS、EIS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,考察了CPAN/g-C_3N_4对罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解性能。结果表明:CPAN与g-C_3N_4具有良好的协同作用,使g-C_3N_4片状结构堆叠体颗粒显著减小,明显增强了光催化剂在全部光谱范围内的光吸收,有效提高了光生电子-空穴分离效率;在PAN与g-C_3N_4质量比为1∶200、煅烧温度250 ℃、煅烧时间1 h条件下所制备的CPAN/g-C_3N_4光催化活性最高,且具有良好的光催化活性稳定性。超氧自由基和光生空穴为CPAN/g-C_3N_4复合光催化剂光降解罗丹明B的主要活性物种。     

热化学洗涤－超声波分离技术处理油田含油污泥

为解决大量堆存的含油污泥所造成的环保隐患问题,长庆油田建设了含油污泥处理站。采用"热化学洗涤-超声波分离"工艺对含油污泥进行处理。含油污泥的含油率从处理前的48.9%降到处理后2.0%,除油率达到95.9%,除油效果较好。     

超声波辅助提取杜仲籽油的工艺优化

以杜仲籽为原料,应用超声波辅助法提取杜仲籽油.在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定了超声波辅助提取杜仲籽油的较佳工艺条件.结果表明,杜仲籽油的较佳提取工艺条件为料液比12ml/g,提取温度50℃,提取时间15min,超声波功率225W,在该条件下杜仲籽油得率27.24%.     

Profile of Methane Concentrations in Soil and Atmosphere in Alpine Steppe Ecosystem on Tibetan Plateau

The methane concentration profile from -1.5m depth in soil to 32m height in air was measured in alpine steppe located in the permafrost area. Methane concentrations showed widely variations both in air and in soil during the study period. The mean concentrations in atmosphere were all higher than those in soil, and the highest methane concentration was found in air at the height of 16m with the lowest concentration occurring at the depth of 1.5m in soil. The variations of atmospheric methane concentrations did not show any clear pattern both temporally and spatially, although they exhibited a more steadystable state than those in soil. During the seasonal variations, the methane concentrations at different depths in soil were significantly correlated （R^2〉0.6） with each other comparing to the weak correlations （R^2〈0.2） between the atmospheric concentra- tions at different heights. Mean methane concentrations in soil significantly decreased with depth. This was the compositive influence of the decreasing production rates and the increasing methane oxidation rates, which was caused by the descent soil moisture with depth. Although the methane concentrations at all depths varied widely during the growing season, they showed very distinct temporal variations in the non-growing season. It was indicated from the literatures that methane oxidation rates were positively correlated with soil temperature. The higher methane concentrations in soil during the winter were determined by the lower methane oxidation rates with decreasing soil temperatures, whereas methane production rates had no reaction to the lower temperature. Relations between methane contribution and other environmental factors were not discussed in this paper for lacking of data, which impulse us to carry out further and more detailed studies in this unique area.     

我是马路天使

我是交通路口的红绿灯,我屹立在人来人往的十字路口,小心翼翼地指挥着车辆的行驶速度,我总是恪尽职守地工作,因为我不想在这块土地上重演我上辈子的悲剧。     

承压类特种设备超声波中高温测厚技术初探

通过大量实验数据的对比统计,得出了中高温条件下（50℃-200℃）超声波钢中声速随工件温度变化的平均常数。实际中高温超声测厚所得的数据经过修正之后,可以得出比较准确的工件厚度值。     

机械清洗法对MBR膜泥饼层的影响

膜污染是制约MBR发展的瓶颈。考察投加ABS颗粒对MBR膜组件上膜泥饼层的影响,并设对照实验。结果表明,对照MBR膜通量下降速度快,膜污染严重,膜表面上累积厚厚的泥饼层,而在ABS MBR中膜通量下降速度则缓慢的多,且膜上泥饼层积累量则明显少于对照MBR;曝气量越大,颗粒运行的速度也越快,泥饼层被撞落量也越多;颗粒以碰撞角度为45°冲刷膜的情况下,泥饼层掉落效果明显增加;泥饼层包裹的膜丝根数越多,泥饼层的静摩擦力和保持泥饼层不被破坏的力也越大,泥饼层就越难被冲刷掉。SEM照片显示,ABS MBR的膜孔堵塞要严重于对照MBR,表面的褶皱要较对照MBR多。     

低频超声波预处理污泥的实验研究

污泥水解是污泥厌氧消化过程中的限速步骤,为提高污泥厌氧消化效率,采用低频超声波技术对污泥进行预处理,考察超声波作用时间以及声能密度对污泥预处理效果的影响.结果表明,低频超声波预处理可分散污泥絮体,使污泥内有机物大量溶出,提高污泥的厌氧消化性能.延长超声波作用时间或增加声能密度均有助于污泥中有机物、氮、磷等物质的释放.当超声波声能密度为0.138 W/mL时,超声波作用20 min后,上清液溶解性COD(SCOD)、TN、TP分别为初始的11.7、4.1、9.9倍.挥发酸(VFA)的增加量取决于超声波频率,低频超声波对VFA无显著影响.超声波预处理对污泥絮体有很强的破碎作用,使胞外聚合物(EPS)溶解释放,当声能密度为0.034、0.069、0.138 W/mL时,超声波作用20 min后,污泥上清液中的蛋白质质量浓度由初始的28.3 mg/L分别增加到79.4、108.7、142.9 mg/L;糖类质量浓度由初始的41.2 mg/L增加到142.7、175.8、240.4 mg/L.