微波对γ-Al_2O_3膜/污泥活性炭组成与孔结构的影响

将制得的污泥活性炭浸于[AlO(OH)]透明溶胶中,再干燥,最后经微波处理得到γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭。研究微波处理工艺对γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭组成与孔结构的影响。分别用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱及孔径分布分析了γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的组成和孔结构。结果表明:增大微波功率γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的晶相由γ-Al2O3膜相和污泥活性炭相组成,辐照时间过长不利于形成γ-Al2O3相和污泥活性炭相。随着微波功率的增大,形成了附着于污泥活性炭孔内的多孔膜;γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭的孔径呈双峰分布,峰明显变窄,但是随着辐照时间的过长,孔径分布向大孔移动,整个双峰变宽。因而,微波可以辅助物理活化法制备γ-Al2O3膜/污泥活性炭。     

复合菌系BYND-8的种群组成及其对沼气产量的影响

为了明确1组在中温下(30℃)高效分解木质纤维素的复合菌系的菌群组成.研究复合菌系预处理秸秆对沼气发酵的影响,利用平板分离法和变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)法研究了中温木质纤维素降解复合菌系BYND-8的菌种组成多样性,通过添加该复合系菌液到以牛粪为原料的沼气发酵体系,研究了添加秸秆降解液对沼气产量的影响.利用平板法分离...     

铜陵市环境空气中PM10的化学组成特征

可吸入颗粒物PM10是铜陵市环境空气中的主要污染物,本次工作采集了样品,并测量了样品中15种元素、5种水溶性离子的含量,初步了解了铜陵市环境空气中颗粒物污染的化学组成及其变化特征。     

南海北部表层海水中溶解氨基酸的分布与组成研究

测定了2009年冬季南海北部表层海水中总水解氨基酸(THAA)、溶解游离氨基酸(DFAA)、溶解结合态氨基酸(DCAA)及叶绿素a、溶解有机碳(DOC)的浓度。调查海区THAA浓度的分布总体呈现近岸高、远岸低的特点,并且在陆坡处出现高值;DFAA浓度分布规律性则较差,但是在陆坡处也出现高值;DCAA周转速度较慢,是THAA浓度变化的主要控制因素(R=0.9935,n=48,P<0.0001)。冬季南海北部表层海水THAA主要由甘氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸和天门冬氨酸构成,它们占THAA的67.03%,DFAA、DCAA中的主要成分与THAA基本相同。个体氨基酸间的相关性矩阵分析显示THAA中有5对个体氨基酸间存在显著性正相关,DFAA、DCAA中分别有9对及6对个体氨基酸之间存在显著性正相关。溶解氨基酸与环境因子如叶绿素a和DOC之间均没有相关性。     

金沙江干热河谷地区不同含油量麻疯树种子的差异性

根据金沙江干热河谷地区麻疯树种子的含油量,将麻疯树种子分为组Ⅰ(26%~30%)、组Ⅱ(30%~34%)、组Ⅲ(34%~38%)、组Ⅳ(38%~42%).该地区种子体积介于1.544~1.680 cm3之间;其中组Ⅱ的种子最大(1.680 cm3),组Ⅳ的种子最小(1.544 cm3).组Ⅱ种子的百粒重同样为最高(69.367 g),组Ⅲ的种子最轻(62.313 g).出仁率从低到高依次为:组Ⅰ(61.752%)<组Ⅲ(63.352%)<组Ⅱ(64.132%)<组Ⅳ(65.192%).百粒种子产油量从组Ⅰ到组Ⅳ逐渐升高(17.731~25.342 g).1H-NMR图谱分析发现,各组种子之间的脂肪酸组成无明显差异,而脂肪酸成分的含量存在显著差异.种子的发芽势、发芽率和发芽指数随含油量的增加而升高,种子的吸胀速率则相反.种子含油量与种子大小的相关性不显著,与种子质量、出仁率、种子产油量、脂肪酸组成、发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和吸胀速率之间则都有着极显著的相关性.图3表4参30     

《职业病防治法》拟加大违法行为处罚力度

10月24日,正在召开的全国人大常委会上,铒只业病防治法》修正案草案第二次提请审议。在25日的分组审议中,常委会组成人员对二次审议稿一致表示支持和肯定,同时就职业病定义、职业病防治工作机制的调整等具体条文提出了更加细致的修改意见,同时希望通过审议修改后尽早实施,加强职业病源头预防和控制。     

我国典型细颗粒物排放源单颗粒质谱特征对比研究

针对现有污染源单颗粒质谱成分谱较少且缺乏对比总结的问题,本论文收集了工艺过程源、扬尘源、机动车尾气源、燃煤源和生物质燃烧源的单颗粒质谱图数据,使用聚类算法分析了各源类单颗粒物的主要化学组成特征的差异性.结果表明工艺过程源和燃煤源颗粒物均含有OC类、矿物质类、EC类、重金属类、富钾/左旋葡聚糖/硫酸盐硝酸盐类、OCEC类,但各颗粒类型的占比有明显差异,燃煤源中EC类占比明显高于工艺过程源而重金属类占比低于工艺过程源.生物质燃烧源主要由OC类、其他有机物类、富钾/左旋葡聚糖/硫酸盐硝酸盐类和OCEC类组成.扬尘颗粒的主要类型为矿物质类.从单颗粒化学组成上看,工艺过程源排放的有机颗粒中OC常与SO₄^2-内混,元素碳颗粒中EC与NO₃^-或SO₄^2-内混.燃煤源排放的碳质颗粒中EC、OC成分往往与NO₃^-和SO₄^2-或者单独与SO₄^2-...     

Analysis of the bacterial community composition in acidic well water used for drinking in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa

Potable water is a resource out of reach for millions worldwide,and the available water may be chemically and microbiologically compromised. This is particularly acute in Africa,where water-networks may be non-existent or restricted to a small fraction of the urban population,as in the case of Guinea-Bissau,West Africa. This study was carried out seasonally in Bolama(11°N),where unprotected hand-dug wells with acidic water are the sole source of water for the population. We inspected the free-living bacterial community dynamics by automated rRNA intergenic spacer analyses,quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cloning approaches.The results revealed a clear seasonal shift in bacterial assemblage composition and microbial abundance within the same sampling site. Temperature,pH and turbidity,together with the infiltration and percolation of surface water,which takes place in the wet season,seemed to be the driving factors in the shaping and selection of the bacterial community and deterioration of water quality. Analysis of 16 S rDNA sequences revealed several potential pathogenic bacteria and uncultured bacteria associated with water and sediments,corroborating the importance of a culture-independent approach in drinking water monitoring.     

Optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering

The optimized production of a novel bioflocculant M-C11 produced by Klebsiella sp. and its application in sludge dewatering were investigated. The optimal medium carbon source,nitrogen source, metal ion, initial pH and culture temperature for the bioflocculant production were glucose, NaNO3, MgSO4, and pH 7.0 and 25°C, respectively. A compositional analysis indicated that the purified M-C11 consisted of 91.2% sugar, 4.6% protein and 3.9% nucleic acids（m/m）. A Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl,methoxyl and amino groups. The microbial flocculant exhibited excellent pH and thermal stability in a kaolin suspension over a pH range of 4.0 to 8.0 and a temperature range of 20 to 60°C.The optimum bioflocculating activity was observed as 92.37% for 2.56 mL M-C11 and 0.37 g/L CaCl2 dosages using response surface methodology. The sludge resistance in filtration（SRF）decreased from 11.6 × 1012 to 4.7 × 1012m/kg, which indicated that the sludge dewaterability was remarkably enhanced by the bioflocculant conditioning. The sludge dewatering performance conditioned by M-C11 was more efficient than that of inorganic flocculating reagents,such as aluminum sulfate and polymeric aluminum chloride. The bioflocculant has advantages over traditional sludge conditioners due to its lower cost, benign biodegradability and negligible secondary pollution. In addition, the bioflocculant was favorably adapted to the specific sludge pH and salinity.     

中国8个城市大气多溴联苯醚的污染特征及人体暴露水平

利用大流量采样器采集了我国东西部地区8个城市的大气气相和颗粒相样品,分析了样品中8种多溴联苯醚.结果表明,气相中以BDE-28(三溴组分)浓度最高[(6.25±4.95)pg·m~(-3)]不同于以往研究中BDE-99和-47为气相中优势同系物单体;颗粒相中则以BDE-209浓度最高[(25.4±124)pg·m~(-3)].北京和广州这两个大型城市的大气PBDEs浓度较高,尤其是广州的颗粒相BDE-209浓度,比其他城市的浓度高两个数量级.与早期的观测结果相比,我国城市大气PBDEs浓度呈普遍的下降趋势.同时,对比发现气相浓度下降较慢,颗粒相浓度下降较快,结合相关性分析结果,这一现象可能与工业五溴和八溴联苯醚的停产禁用高溴组分的光降解及城市大气颗粒物浓度的降低有关.城市婴幼儿的吸入暴露量约为成人的2~3倍,反映出城市大气PBDEs对城镇居民尤其是婴幼儿的潜在健康危害仍不容忽略.