珠海市南水沥水(船)闸软土地基处理方法探讨

介绍了珠海市南水沥水(船)闸软土地基的工程地质特性及物理力学性质,对比分析了粉喷桩、预制桩或钻孔灌注桩等地基处理方式的优缺点,重点介绍了粉喷桩的设计要点、设计计算的方法以及地基处理时应注意的问题,可为类似的水利工程建设提供借鉴。     

废纸造纸废水处理技术

近年来,废纸造纸行业发展迅速,为了使其产生的废水达标排放,应采用合理的处理技术。通过对废纸造纸废水污染特性、目前比较成熟的处理技术及零排放清洁生产工艺的研究,对废纸造纸处理技术的进一步发展提出了建议。目前,很多处理技术已成功研发并投入使用,取得了不错的处理效果,同时在应用范围、能源消耗、技术可操作性、投资运行费用等方面存在一定的局限性。建议在废水处理新技术开发和零排放清洁生产工艺的研究,废水处理设备、使用药剂的优化等方面加大工作力度。     

复合垃圾衍生燃料在铁路垃圾焚烧中的应用

将铁路客运站车垃圾制成复合垃圾衍燃料（C-RDF）,掺混到现运行的燃煤锅炉中进行混烧是一种符合中国铁路垃圾特点的处理方法。试验时,将经分选破碎后的铁路站车垃圾按不同比例（共9组）与煤进行混合,而后压制成生物质型煤进行燃烧。利用烟气监测设备,对9组样品燃烧时排放的污染物（主要为CO,SO,NOx）进行观察,通过比较分析,确定最佳的掺混比例为30%C-RDF和70%煤。在与相关标准进行对比时发现,CO浓度超标,经分析确定为保证CO达标排放,需在燃烧时提供充足的空气量。     

4种浮床栽培植物生长特性及吸收氮磷能力的比较

选取美人蕉、风车草、菖蒲和香根草4种常见的浮床植物为研究对象,对其生长特性及吸收氮磷的能力进行比较研究.结果显示,4种植物的成活率均在90%以上,移栽后60-100d为植物的快速生长期.经过4个月的生长.4种植物水面上部生物量均明显高于下部;除香根草外,其它3种植物体内的氮磷含量均呈叶>根>茎的分布;植物体内的氮、磷累积量大小依次为美人蕉>风车草>菖蒲>香根草.植物吸收占浮床系统氮去除的比例均低于40%,占浮床系统磷去除的比例均高于55%.4种植物中,美人蕉对水体中氮磷的吸收能力最强,可以将其作为三峡库区次级河流的浮床栽培植物进行推广.     

Element and mineral characterization of dust emission from the saline land at Songnen Plain, Northeastern China

Recent observations of Asian dust storms show an eastern expansion of the source area to degraded lands, where dust emissions have been little studied. The dust concentrations over the saline land of the western Songnen Plain (SSL), Northeastern China, are circumstantially higher than those from the northwestern Chinese deserts. These concentrations are sensitive to the surface soil conditions and wind velocity on the ground. The dust samples collected during dust storm events on the SSL contain abundant Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Fe and Ti, as well as toxic elements such as Cu, V, Zn and Ba. Individual particle analysis reveals that fine saline particles (< 10 μm in diameter) on the saline land, consisting largely of carbonate, halite and sulfate together with lithogenic minerals such as SiO₂ and aluminosilicate, are eventually uplifted during the interval from spring to autumn. The predominantly fine saline particles uplifted from the SSL are likely transported eastward by the winter monsoon circulation and westerlies. Recent degradation of saline lands in Northeastern China would not only increase the frequency of dust storm events in the downwind area, but also might change the chemical composition of the Asian dust emissions.     

梭鱼草净化黑臭河水的日变化试验研究

测定了曝气和非曝气的2个植物净化槽在1 d中7个不同时间点的出水水质理化指标(pH、DO、COD、NH_4~+-N、TP)及植物叶片的叶绿素(Chla)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量及过氧化物酶(POD)活性,另设空白槽为对照;试验目的是研究各指标的日变化情况及相互关系,为提高梭鱼草净化黑臭河水的处理效率及其植物净化槽的合理优化运行提供科学依据.结果表明,各水槽内所测指标的变化均在一定程度上与光强变化相关,对非曝气植物槽的分析发现,在出水理化指标中TP浓度与光强的相关性最好(r=0.93,p<0.01),而在植物生理指标中SP含量与光强相关性最好(r=0.91,p<0.01);植物处理使出水的DO日均值增加了0.13 mg/L,而曝气植物处理则使其增加了1.8 mg/L,曝气是对城市黑臭河水进行植物净化修复的必要辅助手段;曝气植物槽对黑臭河水中COD和NH_4~+-N的去除率日均值比植物槽升高了7.1%和6.3%(p<0.01),TP去除率却相应下降了38%(p<0.01);与非曝气槽植物相比,曝气槽植物体内Chla、SP日平均含量显著降低(p<0.05)而POD活性显著升高(p<0.05);光强和曝气的变化能迅速而显著地影响梭鱼草的生理特性从而改善其净化槽出水水质,是构建和优化黑臭河水植物净化槽时值得考虑的重要调控因素.     

Emission characteristics of dioxins, furans and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during fluidized-bed combustion of sewage sludge

Pre-dried sewage sludge with high sulfur content was combusted in an electrically heated lab-scale fluidized-bed incinerator. The emission characteristics of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied. Coal and calcium oxide (CaO) were added during the sewage sludge combustion tests to optimize combustion conditions and control SO2 emission. The results indicated that the flue gases emitted during mono-combustion of sewage sludge were characterized by relatively high concentrations of SO2, NOx and organic pollutants, due to the high sulfur, nitrogen, and volatile matter content of sewage sludge. The total 16 USEPA priority PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs produced from sewage sludge combustion were found to be 106.14 g/m3 and 8955.93 pg/m3 in the flue gas, respectively. In the case of cocombustion with coal (msludge/mcoal = 1:1), the 16 PAHs and 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDD/Fs concentrations were markedly lower than those found during mono-combustion of sewage sludge. During co-combustion, a suppressant e ect of CaO on PCDD/Fs formation was observed.     

pH对Cd~(2+)离子在δ-MnO_2上的吸附与解吸的影响

研究了pH值对δ-MnO2对模拟废水中Cd2+的吸附作用的影响,当pH<2.3时,吸附率仅为20%,pH>5时Cd2+的吸附率在96%以上;吸附过程为非特性吸附,可以用Elovich方程和双速率方程来描述。吸附后δ-MnO2在pH<2.05时可以有效的解吸,解吸率约为75%。     

大型民机货舱水基哈龙替代抑灭火技术研究进展

依据飞机货舱哈龙替代灭火技术发展趋势和高效灭火重大科技需求,首先阐述了机载细水雾灭火系统的组成及功能,分析了兼容机载供水供氮系统的低压双流体细水雾技术优势;其次综述了低压双流体细水雾喷头研发的技术路线、工况环境和喷头结构对细水雾雾场特性的影响,以及低压双流体细水雾的灭火效能和灭火机理;最后回顾了近年来国内外研究机构在飞机货舱中开展的全尺寸试验验证.基于此,提出对于新一代机载细水雾灭火系统,应强化货舱通风条件对细水雾雾场特性及灭火有效性影响的研究、低压环境下细水雾灭火有效性研究、不同特性细水雾灭火有效性研究,以及低压双流体细水雾持续灭火有效性研究.     

杂色云芝漆酶和发酵液降解对苯二酚研究

测定和分析了杂色云芝漆酶和杂色云芝发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应.通过对不同底物质量浓度下杂色云芝漆酶酶学反应动力学特征分析,求得漆酶Lac A对对苯二酚的酶反应动力学方程V=1.52Cs/(16.55 Cs)和底物抑制反应速率方程γs=1.02/(1 12.86/Cs Cs/137.17).发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应进程符合一级反应动力学方程lnC=-kt 6,发酵液对对苯二酚的降解反应动力学基本符合Michelis-Menten酶学反应动力学方程Vf=1.77Cs/(3.63 Cs),研究表明Lac A与发酵液对对苯二酚的酶学反应动力学具有较大的相似性,也存在着底物抑制现象,其底物抑制的动力学方程为γs'=1.40/(1 5.75/Cs Cs/278.26).比较漆酶纯酶Lac A和发酵液对对苯二酚反应的Km和Vmax数值,发现杂色云芝发酵液Km较小而Vmax数值较大,说明发酵液较漆酶纯酶具有更高的底物亲和力和催化效率.