酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响研究

目的研究SO_2、稀硫酸两种酸性介质对橡胶材料在盐雾环境下老化行为的影响。方法以乙丙橡胶、丁腈橡胶为试验对象,分别以SO_2、稀硫酸为酸性介质,开展"SO2-盐雾"、"稀硫酸-盐雾"试验,利用宏观形貌观察、拉伸性能测试方法,结合扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱技术,分析两种酸性介质对橡胶材料老化过程的影响。结果乙丙橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"复合环境中暴露48 h后,表面由紫色变为淡蓝色;暴露12d后,表面出现密集的脱落坑和长条状的粉化带,亚甲基含量略微降低,第三单体中,残余双键特征吸收峰消失。丁腈橡胶在"SO2-盐雾"环境中暴露12d后,橡胶断裂拉伸强度保留率降低至75%,聚合物中的酰胺键、亚甲基含量显著降低。结论"SO2-盐雾"复合试验对橡胶材料的侵蚀作用更加剧烈,丁腈橡胶暴露12 d后的断裂拉伸强度损失率比在"稀硫酸-盐雾"环境下高出14.39%。SO_2气体加速了橡胶中填充剂颗粒的析出、脱落过程,造成橡胶表面出现变色、脱落等缺陷,导致橡胶材料的拉伸性能降低。     

超声协同双金属Fe-CoO_x异相催化PMS的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel method)制备铁钴双金属氧化物(Fe-CoO_x)催化剂,研究其协同超声(超声)催化过硫酸氢钾(PMS,KHSO5)降解酸性橙7(AO7)的效果及机理。结果显示:Fe-CoO_x/US/PMS体系的催化效果相较同条件下Fe Ox/US/PMS、CoO_x/US/PMS体系更好;随着初始PMS浓度的增加,AO7的降解率先增加后降低;增加US功率后AO7的降解率先增加后降低;Fe-CoO_x初始投加量从0.035 g/L上升至0.05 g/L后,30 min时AO7的降解率由30.58%上升至77.50%,继续增加投量,提升效果不明显;AO7的降解率与初始AO7呈负相关;投加叔丁醇(TBA)、甲醇(MA),50 min时AO7的降解率分别为60.64%、26.58%,表明体系中自由基主要为·OH和SO-4·。XRD和XPS结果显示:Fe-CoO_x催化剂粒径为8.8~10.7 nm,催化剂中的Fe、Co主要以Fe2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Co3+存在,并且表面羟基氧的含量为24.07%。研究显示:Fe-CoO_x催化剂具有较好的催化性能,能够有效地协同超声催化PMS生成自由基,对水中污染物的降解具有良好的效果。     

IEC 60068-2-5中辐照度和温度的解读

为了更好解读IEC 60068-2-5:2010中的辐照度和温度设定,及如何执行该标准,结合标准中对辐照度和温度设定的要求,提供具体的解决方案。建议在执行标准时,应使用日光过滤片来过滤氙灯光源,实现该标准对光源的要求。同时建议使用340 nm点控制,辐照度设定为0.60 W/m2@340 nm。对于温度的设定,建议按照标准中图2的温度上升、下降与时间的关系,对其进行设定。另外,标准中程序A的循环接近最严酷的自然条件,而程序B和程序C的循环比程序A的严酷很多。因此,一般情况下推荐程序A,对于耐候性好的材料,需要加速测试的,推荐程序B。     

落新妇地下部分挥发油化学成分GC—MS分析

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取落新妇地下部分的挥发油,测得含量为0．10％;采用气相色谱－质谱联用技术（GC—MS）对落新妇的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定,分离出57种成分,鉴定了其中50种;运用峰面积归一法确定了各成分的相对含量,检出率为87．71％。落新妇地下部分挥发油的主要成分为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、十六甲基八环硅氧烷。     

大型PVC生产企业清洁生产分析研究——以新疆中泰化学华泰重化工有限责任公司为例

利用工艺设备先进、自动化程度高、管理良好、生产规模在同行业中位居全国前列的新疆中泰化学华泰重化工有限责任公司聚氯乙烯树脂(PVC)生产线的清洁生产审核及后评估,通过对其生产工艺、物耗能耗、浪费环节等多方面的分析,挖掘其清洁生产潜力,并通过Vmbeao软件分析其清洁生活水平,为同类企业的清洁生产审核提供借鉴实例,并总结出具有推广价值的清洁生产技术.     

Evaluating weather effects on interannual variation in net ecosystem productivity of a coastal temperate forest landscape: A model intercomparison

Forest productivity is strongly affected by seasonal weather patterns and by natural or anthropogenic disturbances. However weather effects on forest productivity are not currently represented in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3 used in national forest C accounting programs. To evaluate different approaches to modelling these effects, a model intercomparison was conducted among CBM-CFS3 and four process models (ecosys, CN-CLASS, Can-IBIS and 3PG) over a 2500 ha landscape in the Oyster River (OR) area of British Columbia, Canada. The process models used local weather data to simulate net primary productivity (NPP), net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and net biome productivity (NBP) from 1920 to 2005. Other inputs used by the process and inventory models were generated from soil, land cover and disturbance records. During a period of intense disturbance from 1928 to 1943, simulated NBP diverged considerably among the models. This divergence was attributed to differences among models in the sizes of detrital and humus C stocks in different soil layers to which a uniform set of soil C transformation coefficients was applied during disturbances. After the disturbance period, divergence in modelled NBP among models was much smaller, and attributed mainly to differences in simulated NPP caused by different approaches to modelling weather effects on productivity. In spite of these differences, age-detrended variation in annual NPP and NEP of closed canopy forest stands was negatively correlated with mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September (T_amax) in all process models (R² = 0.4-0.6), indicating that these correlations were robust. The negative correlation between T_amax and NEP was attributed to different processes in different models, which were tested by comparing CO₂ fluxes from these models with those measured by eddy covariance (EC) under contrasting air temperatures (T_a). The general agreement in sensitivity of annual NPP to T_amax among the process models led to the development of a generalized algorithm for weather effects on NPP of coastal temperate coniferous forests for use in inventory-based models such as CBM-CFS3: NPP′ = NPP − 57.1 (T_amax − 18.6), where NPP and NPP′ are the current and temperature-adjusted annual NPP estimates from the inventory-based model, 18.6 is the long-term mean daily maximum air temperature during July-September, and T_amax is the mean value for the current year. Our analysis indicated that the sensitivity of NPP to T_amax was nonlinear, so that this algorithm should not be extrapolated beyond the conditions of this study. However the process-based methodology to estimate weather effects on NPP and NEP developed in this study is widely applicable to other forest types and may be adopted for other inventory based forest carbon cycle models.     

长株潭一体化中行政区划手段和非行政区划手段研究

长株潭地区是湖南省内以长沙为核心包括株洲、湘潭的一个典型的城市群，它在区域经济协调发展的取得了一系列重大成绩，但矛盾和问题也有不少。究其原因，主要是在“行政区经济”运行下区域发展所暴露出来的问题。本文在行政区经济还将长期存在的基本事实的基础上。从发挥其正面效应．削弱其负面效应着手．针对长株潭一体化中存在的主要问题。提出用行政区划手段和非行政区划手段来进行协调。并提出一系列解决问题措施和设想。     

Identification, synthesis and activity of sex pheromone gland components of the autumn gum moth (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator of Eucalyptus

Summary. The autumn gum moth, Mnesampela privata (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is native to Australia and can be a pest of plantation eucalypts. Field-collected and laboratory-reared female autumn gum moths were dissected to remove glands likely to contain components of the sex pheromone. Using gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), three compounds were identified from female extracts, namely (3Z,6 Z,9 Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene, 1-hexadecanol and 1-octadecanol (confirmed by comparison with synthetic samples). Nonadecatriene elicited an antennal response in male autumn gum moth during gas chromatographic analyses combined with electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD). In electroantennogram (EAG) recording male M. privata antennae responded to the nonadecatriene. Nonadecatriene was synthesised via Kolbe electrolysis, starting with (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid (linolenic acid) and propanoic acid or via an alternative four-step method also starting from linolenic acid. In field trials (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene proved attractive to male moths. Thus, we conclude that (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9- nonadecatriene is a sex pheromone component of autumn gum moth. This component has been identified in extracts from other geometrids in the same subfamily, Ennominae. However, to our knowledge this is the first example where (3Z,6Z,9Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene has been found in females and also proved attractive to male moths when presented on its own. Our results are discussed in relation to other geometrid pheromones.     

数控机床的故障诊断

针对数控机床的故障特点，主要介绍了数控机床机械类故障和电气类故障的诊断程序和诊断方法。     

碳黑改性TiO2薄膜光催化剂的研制

通过掺杂碳黑来提高TiO2薄膜光催化剂的吸附性能，消除固定膜反应体系中经常出现的传质限制问题，使催化剂的活性由未经改性的3.2mg/L提高到4.8mg/L，相当于浓度为0.2g/L DegussaP25TiO2悬浮体系的效果，同时研究了影响催化剂活性的主要制备条件，获得的适宜制备条件为浓硝酸添加量1.0mL，热处理温度500℃，热处理时间2h，最佳涂覆次数为8次。