X射线衍射法在有机药物研究中的运用

目前随着新药开发、研制过程中对测试方法要求的不断增高,X射线衍射法因其能快速准确地判断药物晶体而被广泛应用于有机药物研究的各个领域.通过对X射线衍射法中装样方法、θ角度和狭缝的选择等参数研究,以获得该方法测定有机药物成分的最佳工作条件,使该法能为有机药物测定提供满意的图谱和更准确的测定结果.     

安全文化宣教机理研究

为明晰安全文化宣教机理,从而提升安全文化宣教效果,基于宣传与教育的定义,提出安全文化宣教的定义,并分析其内涵。基于此,构建并解析安全文化宣教的“5-13”模式和受众处理安全文化符号信息的过程模型。在此基础上,提炼驱动受众心理的猎奇心理、重情心理与审美需要等16条理论依据和与之对应的一些具体方法。结果表明,设计、筹划和实施安全文化宣教活动和行为应以安全文化宣教的“5-13”模式和受众处理安全文化符号信息的过程模型为依据,有效驱动受众心理是提高安全文化宣教效果的关键。     

数值分析技术在荔湾3-1项目安全施工方面的应用

海上油气田开发具有高风险、高投入、高技术的特点。基于我国第一艘深水铺管起重船“海洋石油201”的技术参数特点,研究了“海洋石油201”船在荔湾3-1项目中可能的应用范围及可行性。提出了对应的深水海管铺设工艺、PLEM&PLET安装方案,并采用专业计算分析软件对上述安装过程进行了计算模拟,计算结果表明本文所提出方法可以很好地实现海管和PLET以及PLEM的安全安装。     

Pulmonary inflammation induced by office dust and the relation to 1 → 3-β-glucan using different extraction techniques

It is observed that 1?→?3-β-glucan, a major cell wall component of fungi, induces pulmonary inflammation. There is inconsistency in determining the correlation between the levels of glucan measured by current extraction methods and the respiratory inflammation observed in individuals or lab animals exposed to environmental dust samples. The glucan-specific limulus amebocyte lysate (G-LAL) method was used after extraction with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to analyze the glucan content of office dust samples collected from a water-damaged building. C3HeB/FeJ mice, an endotoxin-sensitive strain, were treated with different dust samples (2.5?mg?kg^?1 body weight) or saline (vehicle control) by pharyngeal aspiration. At 1?day after aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed, and lung inflammation and injury were assessed by measuring: (1) neutrophil (PMN) infiltration, (2) inflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL12-p70) levels, and (3) albumin and lactate dehydrogenase in recovered BAL fluid. Both DMSO and NaOH extraction increased the detection of glucan by approximately 20-fold compared to water extraction. However, only the DMSO extraction method showed a statistically significant positive correlation between 1?→?3-β-glucan and albumin levels, total numbers of BAL, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) cells recovered, levels of TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6. In conclusion, 1?→?3-β-glucan is a potent inflammatory agent in dust samples and DMSO extraction for glucan analysis may prove useful in understanding the impact of environmental contamination by glucans on lung disease.     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of cadmium(II) for preconcentration prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric detection in water

A dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure for cadmium(II) as its 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-diethylamino-phenol chelate is presented. Carbon tetrachloride and methanol were used as extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. After phase separation, the preconcentrated-separated cadmium(II) is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with a microinjection technique. The factors which affected the extraction efficiency, i.e. the pH of the sample solution and the volumes of reagent and sample were investigated. The effects of some alkali, alkali earth, and transition metal ions, and of some anions on the recovery of cadmium were also studied. A preconcentration factor of 250 was obtained for a sample volume of 50?mL under optimum conditions. The method was validated by analysis of certified reference materials and applied to some water samples from Turkey.     

Hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(Dimethylamino)Benzylidene)-5-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene) Thiocarbohydrazone in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone, a novel isatin derivative against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatic damage was induced by administration of CCl₄ (1 ml/kg, b.w., p.o.) in combination with liquid paraffin (1:1) as a single dose. The hepatotoxic rats were treated with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg for three days and liver damage biomarkers, including activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of total serum bilirubin (TB) measured in blood samples. Results demonstrated that treatment with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg to hepatotoxic rats produced a significant dose-dependent reduction of elevated SGOT, SGPT, ALP activities and TB levels indicating a hepatoprotective effect that was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver tissues. The study results confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone in rats.     

镍对栅藻深度处理生活污水的影响研究

将栅藻包埋固定在海藻酸钙凝胶珠中,对人工污水进行深度净化,研究其在不同质量浓度Ni2+条件下对污水中氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率,以及净化过程中藻类叶绿素a质量浓度、过氧化物酶(POD)活性变化和去污过程中藻细胞富集Ni2+的情况。结果表明,低质量浓度Ni2+可引起藻细胞应激性反应,光合活性提高,解毒机制增强,未影响氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率;高质量浓度Ni2+会造成藻细胞伤害,光合活性减弱,POD活性下降,氨氮和正磷酸盐的净化效率减小。Ni2+对栅藻深度处理生活污水影响程度依据其在水体中的质量浓度。     

河流水质自动监测系统建设与运行中常见问题分析

工程设计、基础设施建设、分析仪器、辅助系统、采样系统等方面探讨了水质自动监测系统建设及运行中常见的问题,并提出了相应的改进措施。     

分光光度法测定环境样品中锰的研究

研究了2-(2-喹啉偶氮)-4-甲基-1,3-二羟基苯(QAMDHB)与锰的显色反应,在pH为10的氯化铵—氨水缓冲介质中,O/W微乳液存在下,QAMDHB与锰反应生成3∶1稳定络合物,λmax=560nm,ε=8.22×104L.mol-1.cm-1。锰含量在40~800μg/L内符合比耳定律,方法用于环境样品中锰含量的测定,结果令人满意。     

十溴联苯醚（BDE-209）对成年大鼠甲状腺激素的影响

多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是现代工业中广泛应用的溴系阻燃剂,PBDEs具有持久性有机卤素污染物(Organohalogen Contaminants,OHCs)和内分泌干扰物(Endocrine Disrupters,EDs)的化学物理特性.PBDEs的生物毒性也是国际上环境生态科学的关注热点.论文建立了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)暴露剂量的成年大鼠模型,测定了不同暴露剂量的实验动物血清甲状腺激素(Thyroid hormones,THs)水平,初步研究了PBDEs污染物对生物体甲状腺激素的影响.BDE-209的量-效关系研究结果显示,TT4、FT4和TT3浓度均随着暴露剂量的提高而下降,这可能是BDE-209对甲状腺合成分泌T4、T3起到了抑制作用.不同BDE-209暴露剂量下,TT4~FT4以及TT4~TT3的正相关系数大于FT3~TT3以及FT3~FT4,这意味着BDE-209暴露对于T4从甲状腺激素转运结合蛋白(Transthyretin,TTR)的分离与脱碘过程影响不明显,而影响了结合态T3从TTR的分离过程以及FT4的脱碘过程,从而对甲状腺激素的平衡具有干扰效应.采用基准点分析法,研究了BDE-209对于甲状腺干扰相对效应的时间-效应关系,实验表明由于甲状腺的应激作用,对于毒物具有自我防御功能,BDE-209对甲状腺的干扰效应在5~8d后才有所显现,持续时间至少为14d.