丈八沟人工湖水质评估与基本对策

中国湖泊富营养化的现象十分严重,以景观用途为主的人工湖泊的问题尤为突出。大多湖泊的富营养化都有加重趋势,基本丧失其功能,对湖泊富营养化的预防治理已成当务之急。通过对丈八沟人工湖的水质监测、分析,探讨了引起人工湖泊富营养化的成因,提出了对于人工湖泊富营养化的治理方案。分析表明：引起人工湖泊富营养化的主要原因包括外源性污染和内源性污染,对于湖泊富营养化的治理措施宜采用内环境治理和外环境整治结合的方式。     

好氧-厌氧循环交替生物除磷影响因素的研究

采用厌氧-好氧循环交替生物除磷工艺,研究了各因素对系统除磷效果的影响。结果表明,培养的基质是生物除磷最为关键的影响因素,综合考虑,利用乙酸钠与葡萄糖混合基质培养的活性污泥体系最好,对COD、N-H、PO4^3-的去除分别为0.966、0.979、0.921,尤其是在PO4^3-的去除上效果更为显著,比单一葡萄糖培养基质的0.4高出一倍多。利用乙酸钠与葡萄糖混合基质培养的活性污泥在pH为7～8（7.5）、温度为20℃～30℃、厌氧阶段DO为小于（等于）0.16 mg/L、好氧阶段DO为2 mg/L～4 mg/L、COD在300 mg/L～500 mg/L、污泥龄为15天时体系运行效果最佳。     

酸碱处理-溶剂萃取法提取废旧电脑线路板中的金

采用酸碱法溶出电脑线路板中的贱金属,用王水制备金贵液,然后选用萃取容量较大的甲基异丁基甲酮进行萃金研究,结果表明：在相比为0.6、振荡萃取频率（100 r/min）、萃取时间15 min、温度40℃时,MIBK萃金的效果最佳,一次萃取率可达到97.14%,当金贵液中金含量大于30μg时,在以上条件下,萃取率可达到98%以上;选用5%的草酸进行金的反萃取,在70℃反萃40 min其反萃率可达98%以上;在120℃条件下蒸馏、冷凝回收有机相中的甲基异丁基甲酮,其回收率大于98%,节约萃取成本的同时,可提高试剂的利用效率。     

中国生态工业园区废物交换系统的功能框架及原型开发

废物交换是生态工业园区的特征要素,其高级实现形式是废物交换网络平台。在综述国内外废物交换状况的基础上,分析了国内外废物交换模式的差异及其原因,指出信息交换成本、废物交换尺度及社会经济背景等差异决定了国外废物交换模式及网络平台不符合中国国情。针对国内现有废物交换系统运转不畅的现实,提出了适合中国国情的生态工业园区废物交换系统的功能定位及系统架构设计,并开发了废物交换原型系统。     

循环经济、绿色经济和生态经济

循环经济、绿色经济和生态经济是上个世纪后半期出现的旨在解决经济增长和资源环境之间矛盾的经济范畴,它们产生的背景相同、内容有交叉、观点主张相似,极易产生混淆,却又在研究重点、人文关怀、系统衔接点和研究任务上有着各自的侧重和理论渊源。它们要求与之配套的发达的市场制度,能将生态环境要素纳入到价格形成机制中,在不损害资源和环境的前提下,加快和提高国民经济发展的质量和速度,体现了不同的经济学研究视角和人类对可持续发展的共同追求。     

应对流域生态补偿机制的环境监测

结合中国流域生态补偿有关政策和实施情况,阐述了环境经济新政策对环境监测提出的新要求。环境监测是成功实施流域生态补偿机制的前提和基础,必须对生态环境“说得清、说得早、说得细”,才能为补偿资金的核算提供公正依据。指出应对流域生态补偿机制开展环境监测,目前在点位设置、监测手段、质量控制等方面还存在一些问题,现行的一些技术方法与之还不相适合,现有的监测能力也难以满足,这些都需要及时解决。根据生态补偿机制要求,提出加强监测能力建设、开展水环境优先监测及应用技术研究等对策。     

一种改性柱撑蒙脱石的制备及其对废水中SO_4~(2-)吸附效率研究

蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积和阳离子交换容量,吸附性能较好。但其不能有效地吸附疏水性物质,应用中常将一些聚合羟基金属阳离子引入到蒙脱石层间制成柱撑蒙脱石以提高其孔道特性和热稳定性。为了进一步提高其吸附效率,在柱撑蒙脱石中加入了物料A,高温焙烧,对其进行了一系列的改性,并确定了改性条件,制备了一种新型的SO42-高效吸附剂,并应用于煤矿矿井废水的治理,改性后的吸附剂较柱撑蒙脱石对水中SO42-的吸附率提高了54.6%。最佳焙烧温度为800℃,焙烧时间为4 h,焙烧的最佳物料配比为1:4。     

活性炭纤维对定型机油烟废气吸附性能研究

采用动态吸附实验装置研究了粘胶基活性碳纤维的耐温性能以及预处理、采样流速、进气浓度对粘胶基活性碳纤维吸附定型机油烟废气平衡吸附量的影响,实验结果表明粘胶基活性碳纤维耐温性能良好,同时经去离子水煮沸2小时的粘胶基活性碳纤维平衡吸附量最大,采样流速增大平衡吸附量减少,但吸附速率变大,采用一级动力学模型较好地反映了吸附过程,Langmuir、Freundlich方程适合拟合低浓度下的吸附等温线,DR方程则较吻合高浓度下的吸附。     

Relationships of ozone formation sensitivity with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types, in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, China

Due to the influences of precursors emissions, meteorology, geography and other factors, ozone formation sensitivity (OFS) is generally spatially and temporally heterogeneous. This study characterized detailed spatial and temporal variations of OFS in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) from 2012 to 2016 based on OMI satellite data, and analyzed the relationships of OFS with precursors emissions, meteorology and land use types (LUTs). From 2012 to 2016, the OFS tended to be NO_x-limited in GBA, with the value of FNR (HCHO/NO₂) increasing from 2.04 to 2.22. According to the total annual emission statistics of precursors, NO_x emissions decreased by 33.1% and VOCs emissions increased by 35.2% from 2012 to 2016, directly resulting in OFS tending to be NO_x-limited. The Grey Relation Analysis results show that total column water (TCW), surface net solar radiation (SSR), air temperature at 2 m (T2) and surface pressure (SP) are the top four meteorological factors with the greatest influences on OFS. There are significant positive correlations between FNR and T2, SSR, TCW, and significant negative correlations between FNR and SP. In GBA, the OFS tends to be NO_x-limited regime in wet season (higher T2, SSR, TCW and lower SP) and VOCs-limited regime in dry season (lower T2, SSR, TCW and higher SP). The FNR displays obvious gradient variations on different LUTs, with the highest in “Rural areas”, second in “Suburban areas” and lowest in “Urban areas”.     

Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2(2-1)-based sulforhodamine B assay as a promising in vitro method to assess the biological component of effluent toxicity

The treatment of wastewaters is crucial to maintain the ecological status of receiving waters, and thereby guarantee the protection of aquatic life and human health. Wastewater quality evaluation is conventionally based on physicochemical parameters, but increasing attention has been paid to integrate physicochemical and biological data. Nevertheless, the regulatory use of fish in biological testing methods has been subject to various ethical and cost concerns, and in vitro cell-based assays have thus become an important topic of interest. Hence, the present study intends: (a) to evaluate the efficiency of two different sample pre-concentration techniques (lyophilisation and solid phase extraction) to assess the toxicity of municipal effluents on rat cardiomyoblast H9c2(2-1) cells, and (b) maximizing the use of the effluent sample collected, to estimate the environmental condition of the receiving environment. The gathered results demonstrate that the H9c2(2-1) sulforhodamine B-based assay is an appropriate in vitro method to assess biological effluent toxicity, and the best results were attained by lyophilising the sample as pre-treatment. Due to its response, the H9c2(2-1) cell line might be a possible alternative in vitro model for fish lethal testing to assess the toxicity of municipal effluents. The physicochemical status of the sample suggests a high potential for eutrophication, and iron exceeded the permissible level for wastewater discharge, possibly due to the addition of ferric chloride for wastewater treatment. In general, the levels of carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole are higher than those reported for other countries, and both surpassed the aquatic protective values for long-term exposure.