安徽省农业自然灾害及其防治对策

本文阐述了安徽省历年来农业主要自然灾害的灾情及特点,并分析了产生这些灾害的主要成因;同时提出了防治灾害的对策。     

A COMPARISON OF TRANSFORMATION METHODS FOR FLOOD FREQUENCY ANALYSIS1

ABSTRACT: The SMEMAX transformation, its modified versions and power transformation were applied to 55 long-term records of annual maximum flood flows tested previously for independence, homogeneity and completeness. Even though SMEMAX transformation reduced the coefficient of skewness to near zero for flood data, their distribution was not a true normal distribution. In almost all cases, the coefficient of kurtosis was quite different from 3.0 of the normal distribution. Empirical criteria showed that SMEMAX transformation performed well only for 40 (70 percent) of the 55 stations tested. Its performance level dropped, especially for stations which had both the coefficient of skewness and kurtosis greater than 3.0 and 10.0, respectively. Power transformation was generally better in transforming the flood data to a normal distribution. It performed well for 50 (90 percent) of the 55 stations tested. The coefficient of skewness in case of the data transformed by power transformation was much closer to the zero value than in the case of SMEMAX transformed series. The SMEMAX transformation and its two modified versions yielded identical results when flood frequency analysis was performed. Computationally, all three methods were equally simple and easy to apply for flood frequency analysis. In some cases, the coefficient of kurtosis for the transformed distributions obtained both by SMEMAX and power transformations deviated farther from that for the normal distribution than for the parent distribution.     

关于中国农村剩余劳动力数量的估计

本文结合中国农业生产实际，运用农业技术需求法估算了相关年份第一产业劳动力投入量，在此基础上结合第5次人口普查和第一次农业普查资料，估算了中国农村劳动力二、三产业就业量及剩余劳动力数量，并据此提出了相关政策建议。     

四川盆地农业自然环境质量综合评价研究

本文用一种综合定量的方法,评价了四川盆地130个县的农业自然环境质量,获得了比传统的定性描述更直观、确切的结果。分析显示,四川盆地农业自然环境的自然潜力质量、生态质量和综合质量均属“一般”质量等级,并非通常所言“农业自然条件优越”:生态质量和自然潜力质量因盆地地形引起的各种质量因子的变化,有明显的区域差别。文中各种参评因子的量化及评价模型,可为农业自然环境质量评价研究提供参考。     

农业生态与土壤环境中硼元素的关系

论述了硼元素的地球化学特征及其分布状况，与硼元素有关的主要作物分类，作物产量和质量与硼元素的关系，影响硼元素有效态和作物吸收硼元素的因素，硼肥的种类和施用方法与效果。     

浅论农村生态环境的主要问题及其保护对策

农村环境质量不能得到改善，全国环境质量 难以改善。但长期来由于经济发展的压力和各咎人为破坏，工农业污染和自然损毁退化等，使农村生态环境问题十分突出，已成为区域可持续发展的严重制约因素，。许多贫困地区难以走上小康之路，生态环境经是重要原因之一。该文在概述了我国农村生态环境主要问题的基础上，着重报导致其恶化的主观原因，并提出了一些具体的对策措施。     

Community richness and stability in agricultural landscapes: The importance of surrounding habitats

In this paper, the role played by habitat diversity in the landscape on species richness and on the stability of farmland bird communities was investigated. Species richness was estimated on 374 samples monitored in farmland by the French breeding bird survey during the 2001–2005 period. A capture–recapture approach was used to estimate species richness accounting for the variation in detection probability among species of the 100 most common species detected in farmland. Landscape structure and composition were measured both in farmland and in adjacent habitats. The independent effect of each variable on community richness and stability was further assessed using hierarchical variance partitioning and taking spatial autocorrelation into account. A strong matrix effect was detected: non-cropped land deeply influenced richness and stability of bird assemblages.     

岩溶裂隙含水层中石油类污染物的迁移与水力截获

对淄博市岩溶地下水遭受石油类污染的研究结果表明，在石灰岩含水层中，岩溶裂隙的发育对石油类污染物侵入地下水的运移过程具有控制作用，石油类污染物沿岩溶裂隙通道运移，在通道延伸的深部可以有高于浅层的检出，水力截获方法去除地下水中石油类污染物是有效的，但水力截获孔的位置应就近污染物集中检出带布置，尽量远离水源地，并正常运行。     

基于指标规范变换的广义环境系统评价的普适指数公式

为了建立适用于广义环境系统评价的普适指数公式，针对传统的环境评价指数公式不具有普适、规范和通用的局限，提出适用于广义环境系统任意指标的参照值和规范变换式的设计原则和方法；该变换要求变换后的任意指标的各分级标准规范值都能被限定在各自的较小区间内，从而用规范值表示的任意指标皆"等效"于同一个规范指标；再分别用不同限定区间内生成的随机数模拟任意指标的不同分级标准的规范值，不同区间内生成的所有随机数组成不同分级标准的全部训练（学习）样本，借助免疫进化算法优化不同评价指数公式中的参数，得到适用于广义环境系统评价的9个（广义）普适指数公式，并论证了公式的可靠性.分别将9个普适指数公式用于北京市朝阳区19个监测井的9项指标的地下水水质的综合评价，以及用于郑州、西安、上海三市2000年可持续发展评价.结果表明：9个普适指数公式用于同一监测井水质的评价结果几乎完全相同，也与传统评价方法的评价结果基本一致；用于郑州、西安、上海三市可持续发展评价的结果分别是3级、3级、2级，比传统评价法更符合实际情况.9个普适指数公式使广义环境系统的评价变得简洁、规范、统一和通用；基于指标规范变换的评价指数公式的建模思想和方法对建立广义环境系统的普适智能评价模型有借鉴作用.