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81.
186菌生物流化床处理甲醇废水 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
用三相生物流化床工艺处理甲醇废水COD_(cr)容积负荷达4.24~12.32kg/m~3·d,去除率达82.7%~93.1%;甲醇容积负荷达1.8~3.9kg/m~3·d,去除率达81.4%~98.1%。加186菌种后,甲醇的容积负荷可提高到3.02~3.36kg/m~3·d,COD_(cr)去除率可达到89.3~96.7%。 相似文献
82.
煤渣填料固定化菌膜处理餐厅污水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以煤渣为填料,采用人工筛选优势菌挂膜固定化技术和直流式供水送风形式,对酒家、宾馆的餐厅污水进行生物接触氧化处理,COD和BOD的去除率可>90%,处理后排放水质可稳定达到COD≤100mg·1~(-1),BOD≤30mg·1~(-1),SS≤30mg·1~(-1),NH_3—N≤15mg·1~(-1)。推广应用结果表明,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。 相似文献
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Schmid A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(4):227-229
Mechanical oscillations as well as electrical oscillations (e.g. in an electrical oscillatory circuit) can lead to resonance conditions by external agitation with the natural frequency of the system. During the microbial protein synthesis, the induction and repression mechanisms also cause oscillations in the form of varying protein concentrations. The aim of this work concentrates on an induced resonance case of the biological system, comparable with physical resonance phenomena, by external periodic stimulations. For this, system theoretical computer simulations with a structured genetic model were carried out, which built the theoretical fundament for describing the effect of 'Biological Resonance'. Based on that, lab-scale experiments using a mixed microbial culture (activated sludge) and skimmed milk as an inducing substrate revealed an enhanced microbial productivity of around 60%-75% compared to values of the productivity under steady-state conditions in a narrow range of process parameters. The optimum (resonance case) was confirmed by a repetition of the variation experiments and is characterised by a substrate supply period of approx. 18 min and a following starvation period of about 9 min. Long-term investigations under optimised process conditions indicate adaptation mechanisms of the microorganisms to evade the imposed stress conditions. The productivity will not remain constant without additional stimulation and declines to its original level. However, temporal modulation of the starvation period permanently increases the productivity (elevated catabolism) to about 60%, which was observed over a period of several weeks. 相似文献
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Prodigiosin is a reddish antibiotic pigment that plays an important role in the biocontrol of plant diseases by the bacterium
Serratia marcescens. However, its activity is unstable under agricultural conditions; further, it can be degraded by various environmental factors.
To examine the effect of epiphytic microbes on the stability of prodigiosin used for biological control processes, we collected
a total of 1,280 bacterial isolates from the phylloplane of cyclamen and tomato plants. Approximately 72% of the bacterial
strains isolated from the cyclamen plants and 66% of those isolated from the tomato plants grew on minimal agar medium containing
100 μg ml−1 prodigiosin. Certain isolates obtained from both plant species exhibited prodigiosin-degrading activity. We compared the
16S rRNA gene sequences derived from the isolates with sequences in a database. The comparison revealed that the sequences
determined for the prodigiosin-degrading isolates were homologous to those of the genera Pseudomonas, Caulobacter, Rhizobium, Sphingomonas, Janthinobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Rathayibacter. These results indicate that indigenous epiphytic microorganisms may interfere with the interaction between plant pathogens
and biocontrol agents by degrading the antibiotics produced by the agents. 相似文献
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Organic residue decomposition: The minicontainer-system a multifunctional tool in decomposition studies 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerhard Eisenbeis Ralf Lenz Thomas Heiber 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):220-224
The Minicontainer-test, first described by Eisenbeis (1993), was designed to study the kinetics of organic residue decomposition
at a microsite level. It is derived from the litterbag technique and consists of polyethylene minicontainers (volume about
1.5 cm3) filled with a test substrate (litter, straw, cellulose, etc.). The minicontainers (MCs) are closed at either end with plastic
gauze discs of variable mesh size (e.g. 20 μm, 250 μm, 500 μm or 2 mm). A definite number of such units are inserted into
PVC-bars, which can be implanted into the soil horizontally or vertically, or be exposed on the soil surface horizontally.
The bars are very stable and can be exposed in different environments for months to years. If required, the bars can be removed
temporarily and stored, e.g. during soil cultivation. Should fresh litter be used, two phases of decomposition can be distinguished:
a fast initial phase, which can be mainly related to the effect of leaching, and a second slow phase depending mainly on the
activity of soil organisms and litter quality. Several questions can be addressed to investigations using MCs, e.g. 1) parts
of the soil fauna which are involved in decomposition (nematodes, microarthropods, and smaller specimens of the macrofauna,
e.g. enchytraeidae, diplopods and dipteran larvae) can be extracted from the litter substrate using a miniscale high gradient
extractor, 2) the organic mass loss of litter can be determined, 3) microbial biomass (Cmic, Nmic) can be assessed by fumigation extraction and 4) microbial activity (respiration) in the test substrate can also be assessed
by use of standardised methods. Compared to litterbag studies, the larger number of small replicate units improves the statistical
evaluation. Until today the Minicontainer-test has been applied in forestry and agriculture, e.g. studying the effects of
liming, soil restoration and the application of insecticides, e.g. Diflubenzuron (Dimilin) and Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis var.kurstaki). 相似文献