含硫苯衍生物对发光细菌的毒性效应及其定量结构活性相关分析

利用发光细菌法测定了29种氯取代和硝基取代的苯硫(砜、亚砜)基乙酸酯的毒性,通过定量结构活性相关(QSAR)分析发现:此类化合物的毒性主要与其取代基的电荷效应相关,电荷的区域分布对化合物的毒性效应有重要影响.推测该化台物的毒性机理是毒物分子与发光反应中的主要辅酶FMNH_2形成了氢键.还发现:在这类链状毒物分子中,远离活性中心一端的基团具有脱毒作用.     

H90/Q195板带复合工艺及结合机制的研究

研究了H90/Q195板异温轧制复合工艺，借助了金相显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、X-射线衍射分析了复合工艺参数对轧制复合后的复合板结合强度的影响，确定了最佳复合工艺，并对结合机制进行了探讨。     

Effects of grassland degradation on chestnut soil properties in Bashang Plateau, China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｅｓｔｎｕｔｓｏｉｌｏｎｔｈｅＢａｓｈａｎｇＰｌａｔｅａｕｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｉｌｓｉｎｚｏｎａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ.Ｔｈｅｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｃｈｅｓｔｎｕｔｓｏｉｌｒｅｓｕｌｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅ?..     

突变理论在矿山安全中的应用

矿山企业的安全状况，直接关系到我国资源工业的发展，如何提高矿山安全，是矿山重大危险源辨识与评价技术研究的重点。笔者应用突变理论这一工具，对矿井内因火灾、矿山安全投资、煤层注水效果进行研究，其中的结论可服务于生产实际     

生物炭吸附雨水径流难生物降解有机氮效能及机制

有机氮（ON）在雨水径流氮素污染中起关键作用,但多数研究只关注可生物降解有机氮的生物转化去除,忽略了占比较高的难生物降解有机氮.以生物炭作为吸附剂,探究其对雨水径流典型难生物降解有机氮（吲哚）的吸附效能及机制.结果表明,原始生物炭对吲哚有较高的单位吸附量（45 mg·g^-1）,生物炭投加浓度为0.4 g·L^-1时其表面平均吸附位点利用度最高.H₂O₂和NaOH改性生物炭对吲哚的吸附量是原始生物炭的1.3倍和1.6倍,吸附机制包括疏水相互作用、氢键和π-π电子供体-受体（π-π EDA）作用,以疏水相互作用为主,其中H₂O₂改性通过增加生物炭表面含氧官能团来加强氢键和π-π EDA作用,而NaOH改性生物炭通过大幅提高生物炭比表面积来加强疏水相互作用,故NaOH改性吸附效果更优.综上,生物炭对难生物降解有机氮具有较强去除作用,通过NaOH改性还能大幅提高效率,故在雨水径流氮素污染较高的地区把NaOH改性生物炭作为生物滞留池中的填料有着极大的应用潜力.     

Assessment of a model of pollution disaster in near-shore coastal waters based on catastrophe theory

In this study, a model for assessing of environmental disasters in near-shore areas was developed using a multi-criteria evaluation method of catastrophe theory. The assessment model involved scenarios of eutrophication, pollution with heavy metals and organic compounds. An evaluation system of the model was composed of seven mesosphere indicators and twenty underlying indicators including water chemistry, water physics, water biology, heavy metals and organic pollutants in water and surface sediments. The model was applied to possibility assessment of environmental disasters in different functional regions of the Dalian Bay in 2001 and 2006. Results showed that the environmental disaster indicators in 2001 were equivalent to the Level 4 standard values of marine functional areas, but the eutrophication disaster indicators were lower than the Level 4 standard values. It is consistent with the occurrence of a large-scale red tide in Dalian Bay in 2001. In 2006, eutrophication remained the dominant problem of the region but organic pollutants, such as oil, were reduced remarkably. This coincided with ongoing local environmental-friendly practices for industries.     

Ferron逐时络合比色法研究聚硅硫酸铁中铁的形态

通过实验制备了一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁（PFSS），用Ferron逐时络合比色法测定了PFSS中铁的形态，考察了熟化时间、Fe3+／SiO2摩尔比对铁的形态分布及转化规律的影响。不同Fe3+／SiO2摩尔比的PFSS中Fe（a）的量最多、占50％以上，Fe（c）在35％～50％之间，Fe（b）在0～5％之间。研究表明：铁的形态分布及其转化规律与溶液的高酸度及聚硅酸的存在有关。     

事故的突变论

事故是系统运动发生的突变。事故潜势是系统在运动过程中所存在的发生事故的可能性。在参量空间 ,用系统参量演化相对于分岔点 (集 )的度量 ,建立事故潜势的数学表达式。事故潜势反映了事故发生的本质特征和机理 ,为预防事故提供了理论依据。     

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of interactions between organic pollutants and soil components,a review

This article presents a short overview of selected recent papers using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to investigate interactions between organic pollutants and soil components such as organic matter, clays, whole soils, and sediments. First, we describe solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) experiments as the main tools to investigate covalent bonds. Second, we report NMR approaches allowing us to assess molecule mobility and to characterise non-covalent interactions. Those approaches include correlations between K _oc values and soil organic matter functions determined by CP-MAS, ²H NMR fingerprints, relaxation time measurements, ¹⁹F and ¹H high resolution (HR)-MAS experiments.     

灾害基本特性研究

本文从灾害的产生、成因、过程及后果等多个方面分析灾害的基本特性,并揭示这些特性在灾害研究与减灾防灾中的应用意义。