用伴随方法对毒气泄漏事件进行危害评估

由于自然、人为等因素造成的有毒气体泄漏事件随时威胁着人们的生命安全。对于这类突发事故进行危害评估 ,在应急救援中 ,可以给决策者提供参考 ,使之采取有效措施 ,最大限度地降低事故危害程度 ,减少事故恶果及引起的恐慌。由于毒气泄漏位置事先无法确定 ,如果用常规方法进行逐点评估 ,将面临着巨大的计算量而难以进行。笔者发展了一种伴随方法 ,对风险函数的表达式进行等价变形 ,通过求解伴随方程 ,可以一次求得任意位置的毒气泄漏的风险值 ,大大降低计算量和工作量。此法在化学工厂和仓库设置 ,煤气网铺设和监测点选取 ,城市应急中心设置等多种安全规划中均有重要价值 ,为快速危害评估 ,降低化学事故危害提供了有力的研究工具和实用方法。     

渭河流域洪水灾害特征分析

分析了新中国成立以来渭河流域45次洪水灾害过程的年际变化、渭河不同河段及干支流洪水灾害特征；同时通过对致洪暴雨的时空分布、类型及灾害的分析，总结了导致渭河流域洪水灾害的降水特征。     

重庆城区地貌灾害的发展趋势及减灾研究

根据对重庆城区20世纪80年代以来发生的地貌灾害的分析研究，认识到其地貌灾害的成因及变化趋势，即时间上的周期性、空间上的分散性、地域上的转移性，并针对其发展趋势提出了相应的防治措施。     

1995年全球自然灾害评析

１９９５年是自６０年代有系统资料以来全球自然灾害经济损失最大的一年。本文根据收集到的信息，对全年的全球自然灾害分布特点及灾情作了综合评析。     

城市防灾设施建设供应链管理模式与战略

城市防灾设施建设是一项复杂的系统工程,是典型的上下游供应链长、协调关系多、投资周期长、不确定性和风险程度高的项目.应用供应链管理的理论,结合我国城市防灾设施建设项目的特点,分析了城市防灾设施建设供应链管理的概念与意义,提出了城市防灾设施建设供应链管理的基本模式和特征,并针对我国城市防灾设施建设管理的现状,阐述了我国城市防灾设施建设中政府、有关企业与社会机构等方面实施供应链管理的战略任务.     

洪涝灾害评价的威布尔模型

首次将威布尔分布用于淮河流域水灾成灾面积研究,揭示了淮河流域洪涝灾害成灾面积形成的 内在规律,进而利用河南、安徽、江苏和山东4省的各自灾度对淮河流域的灾害风险建立了线性回归模型.实证分析表明,本方法切实可行,特别适用于大样本计算.     

City hazardous gas monitoring network

In our today's societies, many dangerous chemicals are produced and transported. Due to the vast use of chemicals, more chemical accidents are taking place with huge losses. In this study a city hazardous gas monitoring network was designed to detect the dispersion of toxic and combustible gases in the primary stages. The network could cover hazardous chemical facilities, important hazardous chemical routes, warehouses and special locations which may be the targets of terrorist attacks. The network is consisted of several local networks and a central control panel complex. Each local network has a local control panel in the center and many detectors and sounders around it at distances less than 3000 m that communicate with the local control panels wirelessly. In each location there are two types of gas detectors, toxic and combustible, and a sounder which are equipped with a wireless, radio frequency modem allowing the units to communicate readings and other information on a real-time basis with a remotely located local control panel. High sensitive Photo Ionization Detectors, PIDs, are used to provide fast and low-level on-site screening for chemicals contamination. Combustible gas detectors are the second choice to sense the combustible gas and verify the readings of PIDs in this regard. The central panel consists of several connected control panels work uniquely helping a computer set and the appropriate software and communicate with local control panels via telephone lines. All of the network components are shown on the monitor of central panel with special symbols by geographical information system program. The system is fully addressable so that the high level detection of a detector produces a blinking color double-circle around its symbol in GIS plan. In case of high level gas detection, a team of experts who are fully equipped with different portable detectors depart to the site to test the field to identify the chemicals. All readings of detectors are saved in a data bank and then analyzed to find any chemicals spills and leakages. The network was simulated by a special program so that the components of local networks and the central panel are shown in separate windows. By clicking on one detector on environmental window the formerly designed responses will be activated in central panel window.     

The effect of Na and Ca salts on MSWI bottom ash activation for reuse as a pozzolanic admixture

In this study the possibility of both chemical and combined chemical + thermal activation of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash was investigated. A number of chemical activators including Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O, NaOH, Na₂SO₄ and CaCl₂·2H₂O were individually added at varying concentrations to bottom ash/Portland cement mixtures having different bottom ash contents. The effect of the selected compounds was evaluated in terms of macroscopic properties including mechanical strength and composition of cementitious materials/water slurries. The results showed that Na-based activators were not capable of improving the characteristics of the cementitious products if compared to Portland cement under both normal and accelerated curing. Conversely, the use of calcium chloride at 40 °C-curing did promote the pozzolanic properties of bottom ash, leading to UCS values of 45.5 and 60.0 MPa after 10 and 20 days, respectively, as opposed to a value of 43.6 MPa obtained after 28 days for Portland cement under normal curing conditions.     

介孔硅材料及化学改性在水处理中的应用

随着人们对水环境污染严重性的高度关注,人们越来越重视良好吸附材料的开发。活性炭是一种最有效的吸附剂,拥有较大比表面积,但再生过程中有大量的损失,因此人们开始开发新的可循环使用的无机吸附材料。本文介绍了三种介孔硅吸附材料的合成方法,以及介孔硅吸附材料的化学改性应用,并且提出对吸附材料应用前景的建议。     

关于植物化学生态信息的开发与利用

植物的化学信息，早已被人们所关注和利用，目前，该研究已成为生态学和化学生态学中最活跃，最能为社会与生产服务的领域之一，生态系统中的物质流和能量流是资源，而生态学的信息则是更具开发，利用前景的资源。