Experiments on mixing and dissipation in internal solitary waves over two triangular obstacles

A series of laboratory experiments was undertaken in a stratified two-layer fluid to investigate the energetics of the interaction between an internal solitary wave (ISW) and triangular obstacles, as well as to determine the partitioning of ISW energy and its subsequent dynamics. The ISW energy was dissipated as a result of internal breaking and turbulent mixing induced by wave instability. Tests involving different combinations of triangular obstacles in various heights and intervals and ISW of different amplitudes were performed. The wave features resulting from the interaction of an ISW and double obstacles were found to differ from those of single obstacle. The incident energy of an ISW was either reflecting back from the obstacles, dissipated through turbulent mixing, or transmitted over the double obstacles. Reduction in wave energy increased as the intervals between obstacles reduced. For two obstacles in different heights, energy dissipation was greater in the case with a higher obstacle ahead of a lower one. However, the overall performance was dependent on the relative height of the obstacles, relative water depth of the upper and bottom layer, in addition to the intervals between the obstacles.     

电磁波加载内回流硝化液对A/A/O缺氧池反硝化功能的影响

为了提升缺氧池的反硝化功能,对A/A/O系统的内回流硝化液进行电磁波加载.考察了加载时间（T）75s,加载功率（P）分别为100和400W的条件下,不同的硝化液加载百分比（L）（5%、10%、20%）对A/A/O系统功能的影响,优选出工况Ⅰ、工况Ⅲ和工况Ⅵ,分析3种工况下缺氧池混合液的微生物特性和群落结构变化.结果表明电磁波加载可致硝化液絮体结构破裂,有机物的溶出为缺氧池补充大量反硝化碳源,促进异养反硝化菌（Dechloromonas、Azospira、Haliangium）的富集,冗余分析（RDA）结果表明电磁波加载功率增大会使缺氧池中Dechloromonas大量富集.缺氧池的反硝化速率得到较大提高.电磁波加载条件为P=100W,T=75s,L=10%时,池内污泥的比亚硝酸盐还原速率（SNIRR）和比硝酸盐还原速率（SNRR）分别提升至（10.15±1.02）和（14.37±0.63） mg N/（g MLVSS·h）,比未加载时分别提高了20.55%和46.63%;当电磁波加载条件为P=400W,T=75s,L=10%时,二者提高至（10.57±0.82）和（12.16±0.74） mg N/（g MLVSS·h）,比未加载时分别提高了25.53%和28.03%,表明电磁波加载内回流硝化液能够提高A/A/O缺氧池的反硝化功能.     

湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术在浅水湖泊的应用

基于研发的湖底陷阱捕获内污染技术,在巢湖进行应用研究.结果表明,湖底陷阱可有效收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷等湖底沉积物中内源污染物.不同位置和季节湖底陷阱收集的沉积物厚度差异显著,西巢湖收集的污染物含量最多,湖心区域收集污染物量最少;夏秋季节淤积较快,冬春季节淤积略慢.单位面积（1m²）湖底陷阱年收集叶绿素a、有机质、总氮和总磷可分别达2.37~15.28g、8.96~21.82kg、0.78~1.88kg和0.30~0.93kg.综合考虑湖流场、风浪场、湖底污染物分布及厚度,巢湖湖体内沿湖流汇集区可布置6条11~33km的湖底陷阱,并在7个主要入河口布置湖底陷阱,同时可利用现有航道,进一步加深后形成湖底陷阱,可为巢湖内源控制提供新的治理手段和管理方法.     

高速列车隧道会车流场的CFD分离涡数值模拟

目的研究高速列车隧道会车压力波及列车尾流特性。方法建立某型高速列车三节车模型,采用脱体涡方法数值模拟两列车以350km/h在隧道内等速会车的流场。数值模拟的空间离散化压力项、密度项及修正的湍流黏度项使用二阶迎风格式,动量项使用有界中心差分格式,时间离散采用预处理二阶精度差分格式,用壁面函数处理隧道壁,使用雷诺时均法作方法对比。计算列车车头、侧墙及尾车等部位的压力时间历程,然后使用傅里叶变换对尾车测点进行频谱分析,最后对尾流中不同位置的湍流强度进行分析。结果头车所受压力波动最为剧烈,中间车次之,尾车最小。列车侧墙同一垂向位置不同高度压力变化相差不大。列车尾涡主频在3.85Hz附近,其可能对列车横向振动有一定的影响。结论尾涡是两个不断向后发展的中等强度涡旋,在充分发展段,其湍流强度会有一个较为明显的抬升,之后逐渐减弱。会车侧涡流由于横向发展较为迅速,导致其强度较小且减弱速度较快。     

THz波斜入射非均匀磁化等离子体的衰减特性研究

目的 研究太赫兹波在非均匀磁化等离子体中的衰减特性。方法 运用WKB近似法分析太赫兹波斜入射非均匀磁化等离子体后的衰减特征。结果 当入射角度增大时,衰减增大;当碰撞频率增大时,衰减变小;外加磁场强度增大时,衰减的最大值向着太赫兹波频率较高的方向移动;电子密度峰值增大时,衰减增大。结论 可以通过调节外加磁场强度、等离子体电子密度和碰撞频率,使得太赫兹波在等离子体中传播的过程中衰减发生变化,为太赫兹雷达反等离子体隐身技术提供重要参考。     

太赫兹波斜入射均匀非磁化等离子中传输特性研究

目的 研究太赫兹波斜入射均匀非磁化等离子体中的传输特性。方法 根据分层介质中的电磁波传播理论,给出了等离子中太赫兹波的功率反射和透射系数,分析了太赫兹波频率、入射角、等离子体的碰撞频率和电子密度对太赫兹波传输特性的影响。结果 垂直入射时,模型结果与已有文献结果一致;斜入射时,入射角度增大,反射系数增大,透射系数变小。太赫兹波频率增大,反射系数减小,透射系数起初快速增大,而后变得平缓。等离子体的电子密度增大,透射系数减小,碰撞吸收增大,太赫兹波衰减增大。结论 入射角变大,反射率增大。太赫兹波频率较低时,入射角对透射率影响明显。     

电离层对短波测向系统的影响分析

目的研究电离层对短波测向系统的影响。方法从电离层传播介质入手,分析路径偏离效应和波干涉效应的形成机理及其对短波测向的影响。结果电离层系统倾斜引起的测向误差可借助电离层长期预测模型、短期预测算法或电离层实时探测数据对测向方位偏差进行补偿。行波扰动不可预测,只能依据行波扰动观测结果进行测向误差校正。波干涉误差可通过时间平滑进行抑制。结论提升现有短波测向系统测向性能的根本途径是为短波测向系统配备电离层探测设备,准确获取系统覆盖区内电离层状态信息,并进行传播效应补偿。     

Ignition of dust-air atmospheres by ultrasonic waves

This paper shows the results of our investigations on the ignition source ultrasound in dust-air atmospheres. Ultrasound is, on the one hand, considered to be an ignition source according to international safety standards (EN 1127–1 (2011)). On the other hand, though, ultrasound is used for various applications in gases and air, such as level and flow measurement, or in the process industry, but no explosion accidents have yet been reported. Our research now shows that it is indeed possible to ignite dust-air mixtures in ultrasound fields under certain conditions. We conducted our experiments in an ultrasound standing wave field and used maize starch, calcium stearate and sulfur dust. For ignitions, an absorbing target was needed to convert the acoustic energy into heat. From theoretical estimations and experiments critical conditions that provoke ultrasonically triggered explosions are identified.     

Flame acceleration in unconfined hydrogen/air deflagrations using infrared photography

Flame behavior and blast waves generated during unconfined hydrogen deflagrations were experimentally studied using infrared photography. Infrared photography enables expanding spherical flame behaviors to be measured and flame acceleration exponents to be evaluated. In the present experiments, hydrogen/air mixtures of various concentrations were filled in a plastic tent of thin vinyl sheet of 1 m³ and ignited by an electric spark. The onset of accelerative dynamics on the flame propagation was analyzed by the time histories of the flame radius and the stretched flame speed. The results demonstrated that the self-acceleration of the flame, which was caused by diffusional-thermal and hydrodynamic instabilities of the blast wave, was influenced by hydrogen deflagrations in unconfined areas. In particular, it was demonstrated that the overpressure rapidly increased with time. The burning velocity acceleration was greatly enhanced with spontaneous-turbulization.     

贵州井下煤层爆破地震波特征及其影响

贵州省煤层赋存条件差,煤矿地质条件复杂。由于煤矿井下爆破采掘适应性强、初期投资小等特点,适应于地质条件复杂、断层多的源赋存复杂条件的中小型煤矿,因此目前贵州煤矿井下煤层采掘多采用爆破作业方式。但井下煤层爆破作业易引发煤尘、瓦斯爆炸、煤与瓦斯突出等矿山灾害,因此研究煤矿井下爆破规律及其对煤矿各方面安全的影响是十分必要和迫切的。通过比较选用小波包分析方法,对现场实验的井下煤层爆破地震波信号进行分析,得出其能量、频率等特征,并分析了其对前方煤体瓦斯抽放量及瓦斯压力的影响规律。