受限空间地震时人员疏散的评价——以福州市某高校教学楼为例

根据地震预警原理,利用防火安全疏散理论方法对受限空间类公共场所—某校教学大楼发生地震时的人员安全疏散进行了分析和评价,并根据评价的结论提出了一些建议,为其它类型受限空间抗震安全疏散提供参考。     

环境治理中府际合作的逻辑

公共事务的积累只是为制度化解决提供了必要性,当政者维护政权的根本利益需要决定了公共事务处理的优先序列。客观问题的属性和解决的迫切程度只有在政府最高层统治集团认为维系权力存续的手段具备充分的支撑条件时,才会愿意在正式制度上进行调整,为解决问题提供制度供给。新中国成立后很长一段时间内,我国环境问题并不突出,中央政府根据社会主要矛盾需要制定了以发展经济为重心的制度体系。这种制度结构使地方政府和辖区企业形成了利益共容关系。为适应竞争的需要,地方政府庇护辖区企业环境行为,机会主义地执行环境管理制度,使环境问题积累成为影响安全价值的显著因素。在国内外政治压力下,中央政府最终做出了战略调整,地方政府在中央政府制度调控下,自发地合作治理环境问题。     

油品储运系统硫化氢的危害与应对措施

介绍了中国石化长岭分公司油品储运系统中硫化氢的危害情况,包括人身伤害、设备腐蚀、部件破坏、环境污染等,针对存在的问题提出防范与改造措施,达到了安全生产与环境的要求。     

地质灾害降雨预警基准研究

本文通过分析研究降雨及地质灾害发生的关系,建立了针对地质灾害发生概率的降雨预警基准的概率统计分析方法,即通过收集研究区降雨诱发地质灾害发生(地质灾害发生前3天降水量、当日降水量)及未发生的降雨资料,根据这些降雨数据在xy坐标图上的分布规律,在确定地质灾害发生的下包络线以及上包络线的基础上,将上下包络线之间的中间区域,以平行线的方式划分各个概率的警戒基准线。并以雅安市雨城区因降雨而产生的66个滑坡点数据为基础,针对降雨诱发滑坡地质灾害区域预警预报进行研究。     

矿区地下水监测与预警系统研究——以福建省龙岩市马坑铁矿为例

矿山安全管理部门普遍开展对矿山变形和有害气体的监测,但对地下水监测系统的建设处于起步阶段.福建省龙岩市马坑铁矿率先建立了完善的矿区地下水监测与预警系统,但由于监测数据量大、共享性差,导致管理者无法方便、快捷地选取和使用数据.本文运用计算机技术实现了马坑铁矿地下水监测数据的共享,完善了监测数据的提取和分析功能,并实现了地...     

Development of a loading dock safety evaluation tool

INTRODUCTION: Companies that use forklifts to load and unload trucks at loading docks are well aware of the main danger associated with this type of activity (i.e., the possibility of the forklift falling or tipping over when the truck suddenly moves away from the dock). Even if various truck restraint measures can be implemented to reduce the possibility of this type of accident, a number of hazardous incidents that result in a forklift tipping over from a loading dock still do occur regularly in day-to-day activities. This situation has brought experts to examine and evaluate the effectiveness of different measures and systems depending on the context in which they are used. METHODS: The present study touched upon both the technical and the organizational aspects of the restraint measures that could have an impact on safety. Certain elements were examined very closely, especially the failure of mechanical devices and their relation to the environment in which they are used, as well as the systemic interaction between people and the various restraint measures in use in a given context. CONCLUSION: This article presents a safety evaluation tool regarding restraint measures or systems for trucks docked at loading platforms - a tool that, of course, would take into consideration both the specific contextual aspects related to the docking bay itself, and to the plant. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: This tool is designed to help companies choose the optimal safety measures to implement, while remaining realistic in terms of the technical and economic aspects of any given situation.     

Examining driver behavior using data gathered from red light photo enforcement cameras

INTRODUCTION: To develop an effective driver assistance system that can prevent red light violations, it is important to have a thorough understanding of contributing factors and circumstances surrounding such violations. METHODS: Red light violation behavior was examined using about 47,000 violation records that were captured by photo enforcement cameras from 11 signalized intersections in the city of Sacramento, California, over a four-year period. This examination identified factors with strong correlation to red light running behavior. RESULTS: Key findings based on Sacramento's red light violation records include: (a) younger drivers showed a higher tendency of running the red light and were more likely to commit such a violation at speeds above the posted speed limit; (b) off-peak time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m. had lower violation counts, but red light violators in this time frame had a higher propensity of racing through intersections at high speeds; (c) also during the time period between 8 p.m. to 5 a.m., violators showed a higher probability of entering intersections two or more seconds after the onset of red light; and (d) violators were less likely to cross high traffic-volume intersections with speeds greater than the posted speed limit. DISCUSSION: Sacramento's data suggest that some red light violators might have committed such an offense unintentionally. The top three violation speeds were all below 20 mph and more than 94% of red light runners crossed intersections within 2 seconds after the onset of the red light. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: In the next several years, studies will be executed to assess whether a red light violation warning system can reduce "unintentional red light running" such as drivers who made incorrect judgment regarding the adequate time to clear the intersection and inattentive motorists who fail to observe the presence and status of the red light.     

Community fire use,resource change,and livelihood impacts: The downward spiral in the wetlands of southern Sumatra

Fire is an important community wetland management tool in Indonesia, but its increasing use in the wetlands of southern Sumatra is degrading the landscape and diminishing household incomes and livelihood options. We studied evolving community land and fire use, resource and livelihood impacts on two sites of roughly 250 km² each using satellite image analysis and biological and socio-economic surveys. Uncontrolled fire use expanded over time in relation to sonor or swamp rice cultivation, logging, fishing, grazing, and annual cropping on drained wetlands. As a result, most of the landscape has been subject to repeated fires of varying intensities, more extensive in El Niño years. Direct burning by companies played a smaller transitory role in fire ignition over the two decades. But company activities and other large-scale developments contributed to expanding community fire-based land use by bringing in more people, improving access to remote wetlands or making them more flammable. Widespread, repeated fires have transformed the landscape from mature high swamp forests to uniform stands of fire-resistant Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi) forests and thickets, open savannas and grasslands. These new types of land cover are also degrading. Local communities have rapidly adapted to the changing resources and new opportunities. Logging and fishing declined in importance, and sonor and harvesting of Gelam expanded. But resource depletion has led to falling incomes and fewer livelihood options. The impacts extend beyond local areas as workers migrate into neighbouring forests to extract resources. Large-scale developments, community fire-based management practices and landscape transformation are spreading from accessible to formerly more remote wetlands.     

体系安全性分析的双层次框架

为识别体系(So S)中的薄弱环节、评价威胁风险并提高体系安全性,根据安全系统工程和体系工程理论,提出体系安全性基本概念。基于复杂网络科学和传统安全分析技术,提出一种双层次分析框架,从脆弱性角度和威胁风险角度研究体系安全性。脆弱性分析可从拓扑结构和非拓扑因素2方面识别对体系安全较关键的脆弱点;威胁风险分析能得到脆弱点面临的任意威胁组合,并识别后果较严重的威胁风险。结果表明:体系安全性包括宏观的脆弱性应对能力,和微观的威胁风险控制能力。体系安全性分析需宏观和微观双层次相结合,全面考虑体系安全性诸因素。基于识别结果的威胁评价将提高安全分析的针对性和效率。     

基于FTA的矿井监控预警诊断知识表示及推理机制

当前的矿井监测监控系统给出的预警结果只能反映传感器所在位置的参数变化,并不能依此判断传感器所在位置就是故障源。研究矿井监控预警诊断专家系统,通过建立矿井通风系统故障树设计面向故障树的基于框架与规则的混合知识表示方法,利用框架中诊断规则的推理确定故障传播关系,找到故障源。设计了矿井监控预警诊断推理机制,利用监控系统对灾变时期的火灾和瓦斯大量涌出以及正常生产时期矿井中的活塞效应、巷道风阻变化、通风构筑物故障、爆破、通风动力故障以及自然风压变化进行故障诊断推理分析,给出监控预警诊断故障源分析界面,为管理人员对矿井正常生产和灾变时期的故障处理提供依据。