山区高速公路环境影响及减缓措施探讨

从粤东北山区自然环境特征出发，分析了梅河高速公路建设项目可能对环境带来的不良影响，借鉴国内外公路环保科研成果，对山区高速公路建设中存在的一些特殊环境问题提出了减缓不良影响的措施。     

The prevention principle

Environmentally sound manufacture does not have its source only in developing and improving the techniques for treating solid, liquid and gaseous wastes at the end of the production process. Our experience shows that more effort and capital budgets must be devoted to developing preventive measures. Although the treatment techniques have become very advanced and meet ecological requirements to a very high degree, they are now reaching the limits of their technological and economic feasibility. Environmental protection at the production site has undergone structural change in recent years. The emphasis has shifted to preventive techniques which affect the production process itself, avoiding the emergence of waste at the “end of the pipe” by preventing its formation or recycling it straight away. This integrated approach is in harmony with the demands of sustainable production. The functions of in-process environmental protection measures need to be looked at as a whole from the points of view of both environmental protection and cost-effectiveness. Some integrated methods are described.     

基层环境执法存在的问题及对策浅析

阐述了环境执法中存在的问题，指出了真正造就一支“来之能战，战之能胜”的高效、廉洁、文明的环境执法队伍，必须加快立法步伐，加大环境法制宣传教育力度，提高环境法制意识，进行行政管理体制创新，改革机构，打破地方政府“供养制”，加强环保执法队伍的建设。     

湘潭某新建小学安全现状及管理措施研究

为减少湘潭某新建小学校园安全事件的发生,本文采用安全检查表对该校进行安全隐患排查,通过排查发现该校存在一定的安全隐患问题,主要集中在“物的不安全状态”和“不良环境”2个方面,针对隐患依据4M理论从“人—机—环—管”4个方面提出合理可行的安全管理措施及隐患消除方法。经分析,该校校园环境中存在的安全隐患可通过采取科学有效的方法进行治理。希望本研究可以为小学校园安全管理提供一定的思路。     

木材工业粉尘污染与防治对策探讨

从宿迁市木材工业粉尘污染控制现状存在的问题入手,分析了木材工业企业粉尘污染的原因,提出了控制粉尘污染的若干建议。保护环境是实现木材工业可持续发展的必然要求,必须从工艺、技术和装备方面控制生产过程中的粉尘,使作业环境和大气污染排放达到国家环境保护标准和法规的要求。     

关于海洋环境文化建设与海洋环境保护的若干思考

海洋环境文化是海洋文化和环境文化的一个分支,其建设状况对海洋环境保护影响甚大.本文从引入海洋环境文化的概念入手,探析其内涵及重要性,分析了海洋环境文化与海洋经济的辩证关系,并就海洋环境问题,从海洋环境文化层面剖析原因,提出了海洋环境文化建设的对策思路.     

成品油铁路装运站危险有害因素分析及安全措施

以某成品油装运站为例进行危险有害因素分析,探讨油品装运站危害识别与风险评估,为事故调查分析与事故预防提供科学依据,达到提高安全生产管理和事故预防水平的目的。     

采空区进风侧煤柱着火进行灭火时防止瓦斯爆炸的对策

以孔庄煤矿Ⅲ2水采区7337回风联络巷自然发火情况及处理经过为例,笔者介绍了在采空区瓦斯浓度较高情况下,采空区进风煤柱着火的火势发展情况与着火特点。分析灭火过程发生瓦斯爆炸的可能性;提出了在安全前提下灭火步骤、灭火措施和注意事项;总结了灭火工作中成功的经验与失败的教训,即在扑灭井下火灾过程中,必须做到:遵循“安全第一”的方针,制定科学、具体的灭火方案和正确、有效的灭火措施,要时刻加强火区气体成分检测,得出了防止瓦斯爆炸等一系列具有指导性的原则和行之有效的措施。     

Can variations in visual behavior measures be good predictors of driver sleepiness? A real driving test study

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine the association between variations in visual behavior measures and subjective sleepiness levels across age groups over time to determine a quantitative method of measuring drivers' sleepiness levels.

Method: A total of 128 volunteer drivers in 4 age groups were asked to finish 2-, 3-, and 4-h continuous driving tasks on expressways, during which the driver's fixation, saccade, and blink measures were recorded by an eye-tracking system and the subjective sleepiness level was measured through the Stanford Sleepiness Scale. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance was then used to examine the change in visual behavior measures across age groups over time and compare the interactive effects of these 2 factors on the dependent visual measures.

Results: Drivers' visual behavior measures and subjective sleepiness levels vary significantly over time but not across age groups. A statistically significant interaction between age group and driving duration was found in drivers' pupil diameter, deviation of search angle, saccade amplitude, blink frequency, blink duration, and closure duration. Additionally, change in a driver's subjective sleepiness level is positively or negatively associated with variation in visual behavior measures, and such relationships can be expressed in regression models for different period of driving duration.

Conclusions: Driving duration affects drivers' sleepiness significantly, so the amount of continuous driving time should be strictly controlled. Moreover, driving sleepiness can be quantified through the change rate of drivers' visual behavior measures to alert drivers of sleepiness risk and to encourage rest periods. These results provide insight into potential strategies for reducing and preventing traffic accidents and injuries.     

Measurement of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxide concentrations during autumn in Beijing, China

Gaseous peroxides play important roles in atmospheric chemistry. To understand the pathways of the formation and removal of peroxides, atmospheric peroxide concentrations and their controlling factors were measured from 7:00 to 20:00 in September, October, and November 2013 at a heavily trafficked residential site in Beijing, China, with average concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) at 0.55 ppb and 0.063 ppb, respectively. H₂O₂ concentrations were higher in the afternoon and lower in the morning and evening, while MHP concentrations did not exhibit a regular diurnal pattern. Both H₂O₂ and MHP concentrations increased at dusk in most cases. Both peroxides displayed monthly variations with higher concentrations in September. These results suggested that photochemical activity was the main controlling factor on variations of H₂O₂ concentrations during the measurement period. Increasing concentrations of volatile organic compounds emitted by motor vehicles were important contributors to H₂O₂ and MHP enrichment. High levels of H₂O₂ and MHP concentrations which occurred during the measurement period probably resulted from the transport of a polluted air mass with high water vapor content passing over the Bohai Bay, China.