高压旋喷桩施工中的环境危害与控制

高压旋喷桩造防渗墙因其厚度均匀，强度高，质量好，被广泛运用于堤防工程的防渗加固和部分深基础工程的基坑支护，但施工中环境污染严重。根据高喷灌浆施工的工艺特点。结合长江重要堤防隐蔽工程环境保护实践，探讨了高喷灌浆施工环境污染及控制措施。     

西峰市农业综合发展研究

在综合分析西峰市农业自然条件基础上 ,阐述了本市农业发展的不利因素和有利条件 ,针对存在的主要问题 ,并结合该市农业发展的潜力 ,提出了促进西峰市农业生产持续发展的措施和途径     

Review on fate of chlorine during thermal processing of solid wastes

Chlorine(Cl) is extensively present in solid wastes, causing significant problems during the thermal conversion of waste to energy or fuels, by combustion, gasification or pyrolysis.This paper introduces the analytical methods for determining the Cl content in solid materials and presents the concentrations of Cl in various types of wastes, as reported in literature. Then, it provides a comprehensive analysis on the Cl emission behavior and Cl species formed during the thermal processing of the inorganic and organic Cl sources. The challenges resulted from the reactions between the formed Cl species and the ferrous metals, the heavy metals and the organic matters are summarized and discussed, e.g., high temperature corrosion, heavy metal evaporation and dioxin formation. The quality degradation of products(oil, char and syngas) by Cl is analyzed. Finally, the available controlling methods of Cl emission, including pre-treatment(water washing, sorting,microwave irradiation and stepwise pyrolysis) and in-furnace(absorbents, co-treatment and catalysts) methods are assessed.     

“碳达峰和碳中和”的科学内涵及我国的政策措施

中国提出的"碳达峰和碳中和"目标是基于统筹国际国内两个大局的战略考量,基于科学论证的国家战略需求提出的,实现这一目标挑战和机遇并存。我国的承诺为全球高质量绿色复苏注入了强心剂和新活力,但实现该目标比发达国家面临更大挑战。它将倒逼我国社会经济结构进行重大调整,对科技创新提出了新要求,会给经济高质量发展、建设美丽中国带来机遇。建议切实贯彻我国"十四五"规划纲要提出的"碳强度控制为主,碳排放总量控制为辅的双控目标",充分考虑将碳排放总量控制目标考核和现有污染减排考核体系相结合,增强"十四五"的行动力。尽快制定碳中和目标下的科技创新规划和实施方案。统筹考虑短期经济复苏、中期结构调整、长期低碳转型,布局低碳/脱碳技术,提升未来绿色产业竞争力。     

加快福州生态县(市、区)建设的建议简

研究分析表明,福州市省级生态县（市、区）创建完成率已达到50%,国家级生态乡（镇）创建率达到68.6%,但生态县（市、区）创建中还存在创建基础比较薄弱、节能减排工作压力较大等问题。因此加强福州生态市建设应加大创建的组织领导,进一步夯实创建基础,加强创建指导培训,落实节能减排各项要求。     

生态抑制型贫困研究文献综述

从生态抑制型贫困的概念与内涵,形成原因以及措施和政策三方面综述了国内外关于生态抑制型贫困研究的最新动态。认为生态抑制型贫困治理未来应进一步探索若干具有更广普适性、有效性和可持续性的扶贫模式和机制,构建实现减贫和生态保护双重目标的跨区域合作减贫机制和模式,形成政府引导、多元化主体参与、市场运作的扶贫机制,特别需要加强对连片贫困区域进行针对性研究,为全国其他生态抑制型贫困区域提供经验借鉴。     

臭氧污染对我国粮食安全影响及其减缓应对措施

近年来不断扩大和加重的臭氧（O₃）污染,越来越受到社会各界的高度关注.基于国内外O₃对农作物产量影响的相关研究结果,本文综合分析了O₃对我国主要农作物产量的影响程度及其区域分布.结果表明：我国部分地区严重的空气O₃污染,已经造成主要粮食作物（如小麦、水稻、玉米和大豆等）产量损失,特别是小麦产量损失可达10%以上.O₃对我国粮食产量造成损失最大的地区集中在我国东部,尤其是黄淮海平原的小麦产量损失最为严重.因此,从保障我国粮食安全角度,应该加强O₃对农作物生产影响模拟实验和科学评估研究.在开展O₃污染防控的同时,应该积极推广减缓O₃对农作物危害的政策和技术措施.     

洞庭湖区污染控制区划与控制对策

实行分区污染控制与管理是开展洞庭湖区污染综合防治的有效措施. 基于洞庭湖区主要污染物来源分析和污染控制区划原则,对洞庭湖区的污染控制区划进行了探讨,并根据各分区污染负荷特征提出了相应的分区控制措施. 结果表明,洞庭湖区主要污染物氮、磷和COD_Cr主要来源于农业面源和城镇生活污染. 洞庭湖区可划分为中心城市污染控制区、平原农业综合整治区和山地丘陵生态保育区3个污染控制区. 中心城市污染控制区以城镇生活和工业点源污染为主,平原农业综合整治区以农田径流和养殖业污染为主,山地丘陵生态保育区以畜禽养殖和农田径流污染为主. 针对各区污染特征提出了相应的污染控制对策,以期为洞庭湖区污染防治工作提供帮助.      

盐池柳杨堡人工封育区植被特征研究

封育措施是一种主要的草场恢复和重建的措施。在宁夏自治区盐池县人工封育区采用样方调查法对不同封育年限和不同封育措施下封育区植被的群落结构和生物量进行调查分析。结果表明：封育可以提高生物多样性,使群落的组成趋于稳定。但是长期封育并不利于植被恢复,边缘区和外围区分别在封育后的第五年和第四年生物多样性指数达到最大,边缘区的丰富度指数（R1）和综合多样性指数D、H分别为22、2.26、6.18,外围区的分别达到13、1.67、3.24,然后逐年减小。在不同封育措施下,生物多样性指数核心区最大,说明封育是有效的植被恢复措施。植被盖度和生物量都是外围区最大,说明对草场进行适当的利用是有利于植被恢复的。带状翻耕对植被的恢复作用并不明显,建议进行适当的放牧或刈割。     

The ecological footprint from a systems perspective of sustainability

Summary

The Ecological Footprint (EF) is a method for estimating the biologically productive area necessary to support current consumption patterns, given prevailing technical and economic processes. By comparing human impact with the planet's limited bioproductive area. this method tests a basic ecological condition for sustainability. The ecological footprint has gained popularity for its pedagogical strength as it expresses the results of its analysis in spatial units that can easily be communicated. Many EF estimates have been performed on a global, national and sulrnationallevel. In this paper. we review the method and critically assess it from a sustainability perspective based on first order principles. We examine: ? Which aspects of sustainability are already covered by existing EF assessments;

? Which further aspects ofsustainability could be made accountable through the EF (such as areas needed to assimilate waste streams that are not yet accounted for in present assessments); and

? Those aspects ofsustainability that cannot be accountable through the EF. Thereby needing complimentary auditing tools.

Since the EF is a measure of renewable biocapacity, we argue that some dimensions of ecological sustainability should not be included in the EF. These include human activities that should be phased out to obtain sustainability, such as emissions of persistent compounds foreign to nature and qualitative aspects that represent secondary uses of ecological areas and do not, therefore, occupy a clearly identifiable additional ecological space. We also conclude that the EF is useful for documenting the overall human use or abuse of the potentially renewable functions and services of nature. Particularly, by aggregating in a consistentway a varity of human impacts, it can effectively identify the scale of the human economy by companson with the size of the biosphere.