延迟焦化加热炉炉管结焦分析及应对措施

论述了延迟焦化加热炉炉管内结焦机理及影响因素,对加热炉炉管结焦原因和易结焦部位进行了分析,指出炉管结焦的危害及判断方法,提出了减缓炉管结焦的措施。     

某延迟焦化装置职业病危害因素及其防护措施分析

通过对某延迟焦化装置生产过程中存在的职业病危害因素进行检测分析,找出职业病危害的关键控制点,并提出了防护措施要求。     

浅谈加油站火灾事故的因及预防对策

针对加油站作业频繁,流动车辆多,来往人员复杂,致灾因素多,易发生火灾等危险特性,分析了加油站火灾事故的成因,提出了相应的防范措施。     

Measuring mining safety with injury statistics: lost workdays as indicators of risk

PROBLEM: Mining in the United States remains one of the most hazardous industries, despite significant reductions in fatal injury rates over the last century. Coal mine fatality rates, for example, have dropped almost a thousand-fold since their peak in 1908. While incidence rates are very important indicators, lost worktime measures offer an alternative metric for evaluating job safety and health performance. The first objective of this study examined the distributions and summary statistics of all injuries reported to the Mine Safety and Health Administration from 1983 through 2004. Over the period studied (1983-2004), there were 31,515,368 lost workdays associated with mining injuries, for an equivalent of 5,700 person-years lost annually. The second objective addressed the problem of comparing safety program performance in mines for situations where denominator data were lacking. By examining the consequences of injuries, comparisons can be made between disparate operations without the need for denominators. Total risk in the form of lost workday sums can help to distinguish between lower- and higher-risk operations or time periods. METHOD: Our method was to use a beta distribution to model the losses and to compare underground coal mining to underground metal/nonmetal mining from 2000 to 2004. RESULTS: Our results showed the probability of an injury having 10 or more lost workdays was 0.52 for coal mine cases versus 0.35 for metal/nonmetal mine cases. In addition, a comparison of injuries involving continuous mining machines over 2001-2002 versus 2003-2004 showed that the ratio of average losses in the later period to those in the earlier period was approximately 1.08, suggesting increasing risks for such operations. DISCUSSION: This denominator-free safety measure will help the mining industry more effectively identify higher-risk operations and more realistically evaluate their safety improvement programs. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Attention to a variety of metrics concerning the performance of a job safety and health program will enhance industry's ability to manage these programs and reduce risk.     

临海产业用海的海域利用效率测算与分析研究

选取港口工程、船舶、电力、石化工业和其他产业类型为典型产业用海,对中国东部沿海省份产业用海的海域利用效率进行测算,并确定其控制值.结果表明除港口工程外,其他临海产业的用海效率南北和省区差异不明显.港口工程、船舶工业和石化工业的控制值应大于0.65,电力工业不得小于0.55.建设并完善国家、省、市、县四级海域使用动态监视监测体系,健全和规范海域使用权市场流转机制等,有利于提高临海产业部门的海域利用效率.     

中国环保彩票发行的可行性探究

目前,国家对彩票业越来越重视,政府为满足特定的社会公共需求而发行的彩票已成为一种重要筹资手段,而近些年来中国彩票业的迅速发展,也为环保彩票的发行提供了有利的借鉴.文章通过分析环保彩票在中国的经济基础及生态环境背景下发行的客观条件,回顾近些年来有关环保彩票的学术文献,以及期间各种关于环保彩票的发行呼吁与尝试,指出了国家在环保彩票方面的探索进程.并结合中国的实际情况,提供对策建议,为早日在国内发行环保彩票做好铺垫.     

如何利用水环境资源承载力确定城市规模研究——以天府新区为例

以水环境承载力的概念及内涵为基础,研究了天府新区规划初期水资源可持续利用的条件,并基于最大纳污量计算了可承载的区域人口和社会经济规模,为天府新区的区域整体发展规划提供依据.在天府新区新的发展目标下,论述了消除或缓解水资源的压力措施,即:改善和提高水资源管理水平甚至宏观社会经济决策水平,改善当地水资源承载状态,提高当地水资源系统对未来社会、经济、人口和生态环境的承载力.     

饮用水中致嗅物质的去除技术和应急措施研究

为了解饮用水中异味的来源和常用去除技术,在文献调研的基础上,介绍了饮用水中致嗅物质的来源,分析了饮用水异味的常用去除技术:吸附法、化学氧化法和生物处理法,总结了三种方法的优缺点.最后,结合江苏省环境应急所开展的工作,阐述了饮用水源地异味事件的应急处置过程,为应对工作提供参考.多部门合作和专家参与是处置过程中不可缺少的环节.     

哈尔滨市雾霾天气成因及防控对策研究

近两年哈尔滨连续出现重度污染或严重污染天气,大气污染已经明显引起了公共健康效应和经济损失,大气环境治理工作已到了刻不容缓的地步.本文对哈尔滨市大气环境质量概况、大气污染主要成因分析得出,大气细颗粒物主要来源于民用秸秆燃烧、工业、露天焚烧、道路交通、供暖、火电和非道路交通.其中,工业、民用秸秆燃烧、露天焚烧和供暖为最大污染来源.通过运用哈尔滨市大气环境容量的测算,计算得到现状污染源布局下的最大环境容量,燃煤、机动车尾气排放、扬尘这三种因素加重了哈尔滨市的大气污染,进而提出哈尔滨市大气污染防治对策,达到控制大气污染进一步加剧的可能性.     

铁路电化改造项目环境影响评价研究——以神木北至大保当铁路扩能改造建设项目为例

分析了铁路电化改造项目环境影响评价中存在的诸多问题.结合实际工作经验,以神木北至大保当铁路扩能改造建设项目为例,通过调查分析指出铁路电化改造项目污染特性,并提出铁路电化改造过程的施工期和运营期中的生态环境影响及废气、废水、固体废弃物、铁路运行产生噪声、振动及牵引变电站产生的工频电磁场等对周围环境的影响,并提出了公众参与在铁路电化改造项目的重要性,为环境影响评价工作者正确评价铁路电化改造项目的环境影响提供参考.