受限空间烟气运动的盐水模拟实验初探

考虑到盐水在清水中扩散过程与烟气在受限空间内运动的相似性，本文用实验的方法，初步探讨了用盐水的扩散来模拟烟气在建筑物（单室）内运动的可行性。并对烟羽流主轴线速度和顶篷水平分层烟气流厚度的生长规律进行了测量。本文所得结果基本合理，正确，对建筑火灾烟气控制和人员疏散有参考作用．     

Economic Conditions,the Policy Cycle,and Media Visibility of Environmental Organizations

The extent to which social movements have access to the news media has important implications on the capability of social movements to communicate with and garner support from the public. Factors that shape movement organizations' media visibility thus deserve scholarly attention. This article deals with news coverage of environmental movement organizations (EMOs) in Hong Kong and focuses on the impact of economic conditions, the policy cycle, and the number of EMOs in society on media visibility of EMOs. Analysis of a data-set constructed based on archival data and official statistics illustrates that all three factors influence media visibility of EMOs through media attention to environmental issues, while the number of EMOs and economic conditions also affect media visibility of EMOs directly. In-depth interview data are then used to supplement the quantitative analysis by showing how movement activists perceive and respond strategically to the structural factors. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.     

安徽宿州地区石灰岩-土壤元素迁移及质量评价

通过野外采样及室内分析测试,对宿州石灰岩土壤质量状况、成土作用过程中元素迁移规律及影响因素进行研究.结果表明,宿州地区石灰岩土壤P、Sr较缺乏,K、Ca、Fe、Mn和Cu含量丰富,S、Zn含量适中;在岩石-土壤作用过程中,Ca、Cu和Sr元素亏损,其他元素全部富集;主成分分析提取4个主成分,解释累计总方差77.03%,其中元素Si、Zr、Ca、Ti、Al、K、Mn主要受控于自身化学行为(PC1);Rb、Fe、V、Th、Cr主要受区域环境影响(PC2);PC3和PC4分别对元素Pb、Sr、As和Cu、Zn有较高的贡献,暗示此两种因素为后期人类活动.     

Integration of distance, direction and habitat into a predictive migratory movement model for blue-winged teal (Anas discors)

Historically, the migration of birds has been poorly understood in comparison to other life stages during the annual cycle. The goal of our research is to present a novel approach to predict the migratory movement of birds. Using a blue-winged teal case study, our process incorporates not only constraints on habitat (temperature, precipitation, elevation, and depth to water table), but also approximates the likely bearing and distance traveled from a starting location. The method allows for movement predictions to be made from unsampled areas across large spatial scales. We used USGS’ Bird Banding Laboratory database as the source of banding and recovery locations. We used recovery locations from banding sites with multiple within-30-day recoveries were used to build core maximum entropy models. Because the core models encompass information regarding likely habitat, distance, and bearing, we used core models to project (or forecast) probability of movement from starting locations that lacked sufficient data for independent predictions. The final model for an unsampled area was based on an inverse-distance weighted averaged prediction from the three nearest core models. To illustrate this approach, three unsampled locations were selected to probabilistically predict where migratory blue-wing teals would stopover. These locations, despite having little or none data, are assumed to have populations. For the blue-winged teal case study, 104 suitable locations were identified to generate core models. These locations ranged from 20 to 228 within-30-day recoveries, and all core models had AUC scores greater than 0.80. We can infer based on model performance assessment, that our novel approach to predicting migratory movement is well-grounded and provides a reasonable approximation of migratory movement.     

光照时间对外源性磷在模拟水生态系统中迁移的影响

采用同位素示踪法,模拟研究不同光照时间对外源性无机磷酸盐在水体,铜绿微囊蓝细菌和底泥中迁移的影响.外源性磷在加入水体后先是一种物理化学的快速分配,然后其在水体中的迁移主要受微囊蓝细菌的生长状况的影响.延长光照时间能加快微囊蓝细菌的生长速率和提高微囊蓝细菌的密度.水体中外源性磷的浓度随时间下降,蓝细菌中外源性磷的最大浓度与光照时间无关,只有蓝细菌中超积累了一定数量的外源性磷,随后的对数生长就与细胞磷的含量无关.延长光照时间能增加微囊蓝细菌中总的外源性磷数量,随着蓝细菌的衰亡,外源性磷不断向底泥迁移,最终绝大部分外源性磷都迁移到底泥中.     

特厚易发火煤层沿空巷道顶板离层分析及控制技术

特厚易发火煤层沿空巷道变形严重、覆岩裂隙和离层发育范围广,易与采空区进行气体交流,同时大大降低顶板的承载能力,影响巷道安全使用,故对巷道顶板离层机理的研究十分必要。以彬县水帘洞矿3802工作面沿空巷道为工程背景,通过直接顶的特性和岩层质量指数建立特厚煤层沿空巷道覆岩结构模型,依据离层机理的不同将顶板离层分为上部结构区、中部稳定区和下部离层区,并分别阐释其离层特征及控制思路;在上述基础上,提出离层控制方案;通过FLAC3D数值软件验证方案中锚杆（索）各项参数的合理性;最后监测结果表明支护方案设计合理,离层效果控制明显,工程实践证明了研究结果的可行性。     

减小浅埋暗挖法施工对建构筑物影响的措施

地铁隧道施工过程中,由于施工产生扰动,必然会破坏岩土体原有的应力平衡状态,从而产生一系列与岩土工程环境有关的问题,如土层位移以及由此产生的地面建筑物、地下管线及桩基等建构筑物的破坏等。在城市环境条件下的第四纪地层中进行浅埋暗挖,更加严格要求土层位移必须控制在允许范围之内,以达到环境土工的安全使用。笔者重点针对地层沉降的组成及控制建筑物受开挖产生的影响,总结实践经验,给出了控制开挖产生沉降的多种方法,同时提出隔离措施,具有一定的使用价值和工程施工指导意义。     

台湾海峡7.3级强震前的热红外增温异常

描述了１９９４年９月１６日台湾海峡７．３级地震前，在震中区附近上空观测到大面积的突发性增温异常带。并对该异常带的形成机理作了探索。     

DELIVERY OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND POLLUTANTS FROM NONPOINT SOURCES DURING OVERLAND FLOW1

ABSTRACT: Delivery of sediment and particulate pollutants from diffuse sources is shown to be related to the loss of sediment carrying energy of runoff during the overland flow phase. The loss is caused by the termination of rainfall and by reduction of flow energy during the recession phase of the overland flow hydrograph. It has been demonstrated both by theoretical analyses and experimental measurements that the saturated sediment concentration in overland flow is a function of rainfall erosivity and the runoff flow rate. The hypotheses were verified by field measurements from a small homogeneous watershed.     

超狭长两端封闭空间烟气运动工程分析方法的初步研究

以CFAST4.02为模拟工具,发展了一种子空间划分的工程分析方法,来研究超狭长两端封闭空间内的烟气运动情况,还通过一个典型的算例来说明这种方法的有效性;为今后对类似空间的烟气运动工程分析提供了一定的思路和方法。