增强全民减灾意识的思考

本文首先分析近几十年来全民减灾意识淡化的原因,然后着重提出了增强全民减灾意识的对策建议。     

深圳市洪涝灾害的数值模拟与分析

深圳市自建特区以来,沿河沿海低地迅速城市化,流域内大规模的开发活动加剧了水土流失,河道淤塞严重,行洪能力降低,新增市区防洪排涝设施不足,使深圳市洪涝灾害更趋频繁,经济损失急剧增长,为配合深圳市制定新的防洪(潮)规划,本研究开发了城市洪水演进一、二维不恒定流混合模型,分现状与规划措施实施后两种情况对各典型年暴雨、高潮的组合在深圳市可能造成的洪涝灾害进行了模拟和分析,其结果为深圳市合理评价防洪(潮)规划提供了依据。     

滑坡灰色系统预测模型及其应用

本文在分析目前国内外滑坡灰色预测预报模型基础上，提出了一种新的滑坡灰色系统预测预报模型。该模型相对於过去常用的灰色模型考虑了更多的影响因素，有更高的可信度。它不仅可用作滑波的临滑预报，还可用于般监测信息的预测。     

人工神经网络在台风预报中的应用初探

为了探索人工神经网络应用于台风分类预报的可能性，用具有Ｓ－特特性函数的Ｂ－Ｐ网络对每类台风的标准样本进行训练，由训练结束后的权值和阈值及待预报样本的因子测值，计算出网络输出值，作出台风分类预报。文中的实例表明人工神经网络用于台风预报具有客观性、可行性和实用性。     

甘肃省自然灾害及其防治对策

本文就甘肃省自然灾害的类型、分布、成因及其对社会经济的影响进行了分析研究,并提出了防治对策。     

面向保险业的大面积自然灾害防灾核损信息系统研究

本文依据区域自然灾害的组织体系，在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ环境下，以ＭａｐＩｎｆｏ（ＧＩＳ）软件为主要支持工具，结合ＦｏｘＰｒｏｗ、ＶｉｓｕａｌＣ＋＋，提出了一整套保险防灾核损信息管理系统建设的概念化模型，并以湖南省为例，建立了全中文界面、面向湖南保险业的大面积防灾核损信息系统。最后，结合本系统给出几个应用实例     

灾害损失等级划分的模糊灾度判别法

作者应用模糊模式识别理论于灾害损失等级划分的研究，提出了模糊灾度概念，并建立了模糊灾度等级的隶属函数，从而给出了一种可用于灾害损失等级划分的模糊灾度判别法。     

Tracking progress on the economic costs of disasters under the indicators of the sustainable development goals

The Sustainable Development Goals indicator framework identifies as an indicator of progress the objective of reducing disaster losses as a proportion of global gross domestic product. This short analysis presents data on this indicator from 1990. In constant 2017 US dollars, both weather-related and non-weather related catastrophe losses have increased, with a 74% increase in the former and 182% increase in the latter since 1990. However, since 1990 both overall and weather/climate losses have decreased as proportion of global GDP, indicating progress with respect to the SDG indicator. Extending this trend into the future will require vigilance to exposure, vulnerability and resilience in the face of uncertainty about the future frequency and magnitude of extreme events.     

山南地区珍稀濒危藏药植物资源特征

针对西藏山南地区珍稀濒危藏药植物资源本底不清、家底不明、开发不合理等现状,在对该区域药用植物进行实地考察、座谈走访、样本采集及室内测定等基础上,重点分析了珍稀濒危藏药植物资源的种类与分布、生物量与蕴藏量、濒危程度与至危因素。结果表明:山南地区有49 种珍稀濒危藏药植物,隶属25 科43 属,占整个西藏高原濒危藏药植物种类的65.33%。中国特有种占53.06%,其中西藏特有种占20.41%,错那县种类占73.47%。以山坡为生境药用植物占75.51%,仅分布在海拔3 000 m 以上的种类占61.22%,多年生草本占83.67%,全草类药用植物占55.10%。平均单株生物量最高的是粉枝莓,为1 830.48 g;最低的是冬虫夏草,仅为0.31 g。羊齿天门冬的根冠比最大,是5.31;最小的是马尿泡,为0.04。粉枝莓的产量和蕴藏量均最高,分别为36.61 kg/hm²和34 040.78 t;其次是暗红小檗,为27.00 kg/hm²和10 759.37 t;最低的是椭圆叶花锚,仅为0.004 kg/hm²和2.37 t。Ⅰ级濒危藏药植物资源的产量与蕴藏量排序均是:大花红景天>桃儿七>喜马拉雅紫茉莉>西藏秦艽>鸡蛋参>金球黄堇>矮黄堇>露蕊乌头>毛瓣绿绒蒿>乌奴龙胆>假耧斗菜>长果婆婆纳>篦齿虎耳草>冬虫夏草。该区濒危藏药植物全株蕴藏量为60 959.12 t,药用部位蕴藏量为48 663.97 t,占79.83%。经济价值较高的冬虫夏草蕴藏量为9.30 t。山南地区Ⅰ级濒危药用植物种类比例大,独特的生物学特性、脆弱的生态环境以及人为干扰的主导性是导致濒危的主要因素,建议就地保护与迁地保护同行、科学研究与开发利用并举,实现资源的持续开发利用。     

In vitro evaluation of human liver cancer cells and the potential cytotoxicity of Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) and Brickellia cavanillesi (Asteraceae) both single and in combination

Medicinal herbs are steadily increasing in complementary use for chronic and alterative therapies. The health risks associated with herbal supplements have therefore been identified as a top research priority. Tecoma stans (Tronadora), a Bignoniaceae plant, is a herbal drug traditionally consumed as tea in South America for the control of diabetes. It contains the alkaloids of tecomine and tecostanine which were shown as functional compounds responsible for hypoglycemic activity. However, the side effects of aqueous extracts of this herbal tea have not been reported. In this study, studies sought to evaluate the cytotoxicity of water extracts from T. stans in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2). Toxic effects of T. stans were concentration- and time-dependent in the presence and absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were incubated for up to 72-h with varying concentrations of herbal extracts (60–100%), cytotoxicity was determined spectrophotometrically by MTT and reported in terms of % cell viability. For IC₅₀ assay (24 h exposure), cytotoxicity was found at concentration of 60–100%. Evaluation of the effects of T. stans and Brickellia cavanillesi (Asteraceae) in combination revealed that extracts of both herbal extracts' nontoxic levels of T. stans significantly reduced cell viability in a time-dependent manner. Further studies are needed regarding the identification, toxicity, and molecular mechanism of action of active compounds, as well as their cytotoxicity to other cell lines following exposure to both single and combined herbal extracts of these plants with anti-diabetic properties.