中药中汞的形态分析方法、生物有效性与毒性效应研究

朱砂作为许多传统中药的有效成分,在我国已有数千年的应用历史.然而,这些中药中超标的汞含量已成为近年来中药出口的最大壁垒.研究中药中汞的赋存形态及不同形态的毒性效应和生物有效性,有助于辩证地理解中药中汞含量与毒性效应的关系,为科学地制定中药中汞的限量标准提供有力的依据.     

滑坡灾害经济评价初探

本文根据滑坡灾害是自然过程迭加在社会和经济基础上形成的思想，结合滑坡灾害的具体情况，提出了滑坡灾害的经济评价方法，并引入两个具体实例给予了描述。     

Disaster preparedness and regional training on nine Caribbean islands: A longterm evaluation

This paper presents an analysis and evaluation of emergency preparedness and regionalized training on nine Caribbean islands during the period of 1980 to 1985. Preparedness on the islands is measured in numerous ways, including the existence and comprehensiveness of the disaster plan; existence and adequacy of district organizations; existence of an emergency operations centre; frequency of drills; adequacy of communications; and various other indicators. The regionalized training, which was provided out of a small, internationally-funded unit in Antigua, is evaluated in terms of the contribution it made to Caribbean preparedness during the period. Various management difficulties are analyzed and recommendations made for future, similar programs.     

Injury prevention in natural disasters. A theoretical framework

A theoretical framework for conceptualizing injury patterns in natural disasters is described. In this conceptual framework, natural disasters are divided chronologically into predisaster, disaster and postdisaster phases. Within each phase, four factors (human, engineering/technological, physical environmental and socioeconomic) are identified that play an important role in the causation of injury. By combining these phases and factors into a three by four matrix, one may begin to identify points in the natural history or evolution of a disaster that may be amenable to therapeutic or preventive intervention. The application of this proposed three-phase matrix model to a disaster will permit researchers to reduce a large, complex problem into more manageable, conceptually simpler parts. It may also be of value to disaster planners by suggesting preventive and mitigation measures, as well as aiding in the setting of priorities so that scarce resources can be allocated to achieve maximum reduction of injuries.     

城市防洪的一种方法—纳潮

本文介绍一种城市防洪的方法－纳潮。即以合理的调度运行，充分利用圩区的调蓄能力，降低风暴潮引起的高潮位，用以应付超标准风暴潮。通过纳潮效果与纳潮闸位置，调蓄面积，操作方式等因素的关系分析，表明纳潮是一种可行且有效的方法。本文阐述的基本规律，为工程设计、运行操作提供参考依据。     

减灾活动与社会经济协调发展的哲学思考

论述了减灾工作中,应遵循的减灾投入与社会经济状况的统一性原则,发展减灾与发展经济的比例协调性原则;减灾发展的超前性原则;减灾的宏观协调与微观协调辩证统一的原则;减灾活动的协调与不协调辩证统一的原则。     

灾害观测

本文应用系统科学和信息科学讨论了灾害系统的能达性、能控性与能观性。根根系统能观性原理及量测科学的基本原则,讨论了灾害观测系统应注意的一些问题。     

自然灾害风险评价初步研究

自然灾害风险评价是减灾研究的重要组成部分，可为风险区土地的合理利用与投资、灾害预防与管理、灾害保险制度的建立以及灾期的快速评估和辅助决策提供科学依据。本文在分析自然灾害风险评价发展历史的基础上，提出了自然灾害风险评价不仅应包括自然灾害发生的可能性，而且还应包括由此而引起的可能的后果的风险分析概念，并且探讨了将自然灾害与风险区价值及抗灾性能作为整体进行风险评价的理论和方法。     

地震灾害损失预测（综述）

地震危害性评定和损失预测是一个富有挑战性的科学问题，对于减轻地震灾害具有十分重要的意义。本文对近年来地震危害性的研究的现状、问题、困难和发展的趋势进行了简要的综述。     

灰色灾变预测模型的改进及实例分析

灾害不同于一般的预测对象，对其预测精度应予高度重视，而目前灰色灾变预测的预测精度，较高的仅仅是预测原点附近的一、二个数据。基于此，本文提出了准灰信息的概念，建立了准灰色灾变预测模型，并通过实例证明了运用准灰色灾变预测模型进行预测，可提高预测精度。