Post-disaster recovery dilemmas: challenges in balancing short-term and long-term needs for vulnerability reduction

Following disasters, governments often clamor to quickly reduce risk, rebuild communities and restore permanence. The pressure to urgently address complex, difficult decisions can result in reactive policies that may increase long-term vulnerability of affected populations. Sri Lanka in the aftermath of the 26 December 2004 tsunami represents such an example: a hastily designed coastal buffer zone policy has incited massive relocation of affected populations and resulted in social, economic and environmental problems that threaten the well-being of poor coastal communities. We review the impacts of this policy from its inception, days after the tsunami hit the island, until its revision, approximately 10 months following the disaster. We then apply a framework to conceptualize the components of vulnerability within Sri Lanka's coastal, human–environment system and to identify where post-disaster policies should focus to reduce vulnerability of coastal populations more effectively. From this analysis, it is apparent that the buffer zone policy gave disproportionate attention to reducing exposure to future tsunamis and, subsequently, did not address the critical social, economic and institutional factors that influenced sensitivity to the hazard. Post-disaster policies aimed at sustainable re-development should be informed by an analysis of the components of vulnerability that comprise a system and how these can be most effectively influenced during the separate short-term and long-term phases of rebuilding.     

老年人血脂异常的诊断与药物降脂治疗

本文对老年人血脂异常的特点和诊断方法作了较为详细的论述，对临床中各种治疗药物的治疗效果进行了比较，指出了老年人血脂异常药物治疗时应注意的事项。     

Aftermath of natural disasters: Coping through residential mobility

Most studies of population movement have concentrated on the more developed nations and on trends that have not been influenced by man-made or natural disasters. The experience of developing countries in the Caribbean basin, as studied after the Guatemalan earthquake of 1976 and the impact of Hurricane David in the Dominican Republic of 1979, highlights the importance of socio-economic factors in the decision to make permanent migrations after a disaster, regardless of whether the migrant had personally suffered losses. In many cases the opportunities for personal betterment created by the disaster acted as a catalyst and accelerated a previously-existing trend of migration.     

模糊数学在爆炸危险性评价中的应用

在爆炸危险性分析与评价中应用模糊数学的一些方法是客观的需要,本文简单介绍了模糊综合评判和模糊故障树的原理和评价步骤。     

论我国灾害历史的研究

灾害史的研究是灾害学研究的一个重要领域，本文在列举我国历史灾害资料的基础上，论述了灾害历史研究的必要性。     

中国灾害学图书简索（二）

本文搜集整理了１９９０年以来国内出版的有关灾害研究方面的图书，并简要介绍了其主要内容。这对了解灾害学图书的出版状况，掌握灾害科研成果的最新动向将起到一定的作用。     

解放以来我国农业灾害综述

本文根据现有数据，浅析了解放以来我国农业灾害，特别是水、旱灾害的变化及其原因；分析了成灾比例与减灾工作状况之间存在着内在的联系，指出成灾比例可以在一定程度上反映减灾工作的好坏。旨在为客观评价我国农业减灾现状，合理配置减灾力量，提供信息和决策依据。     

火灾定量预测方法研究

应用预测学原理，对火灾定量预测方法进行了探讨，建立了一套适应不同火灾历史统计特点的平滑预测模型：滑动平均预测模型和指数平滑预测模型；考虑火灾事故的季节性变化，建立了季节性平滑预测模型。应用二重指数平滑预测模型和季节性平滑预测模型，对荆州地区１９９３￣１９９４年的火灾统计资料进行分析和预测，结果表明该地区今后的火灾发生呈上升趋势，提请有关部门注意防火安全。     

灾害经济损失的空间特征指标及其计算

本文将灾害的经济损失划分为财产损失、救灾费用和效益损失；将每种经济损失按其空间特征划分为内部经济损失和外部经济损失；提出了各种内部经济损失、外部经济损失的计算内容和计算方法；还对几个概念性问题进行了讨论．