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111.
The aim of this paper is to examine the association between double-loop disaster learning and transformations of political systems. The particular question is how disasters increase the rapidity and complexity, with which the transforming regimes face the unsuitability and inadequacy of the past forms and processes of disaster governance. The centennial evolution of the disaster relief law at a country scale (Czech Republic, resp. Czechoslovakia, 1918-present) is used as an example. The thorough search in digital repository of Czech and Slovak Parliamentary Library was performed to obtain legislative norms and protocols from parliamentary debates, whereas major disasters that induced new laws (1927 flash flood, 1947 drought, 1997 and 2002 floods) were identified from existing databases and from detailed reconstructions of historical disastrous events. The described cases enabled to add new empirical evidence contesting (i) the process scheme of disaster politics during critical junctures and institutional transformations, and (ii) the progressive nature of the double-loop learning approach related to disasters. It is shown that the double-loop learning from disasters and its benefits should be considered as time-dependent and related to permissive and productive conditions that facilitated the adoption of the new disaster relief law (i.e. the learning process). Finally, the implications for the research agenda (historical disaster research) and for disaster policy (evaluation of disaster relief effectiveness) are summarized. 相似文献
112.
通过对昊源煤矿地下水开展水文勘查工作,摸清了矿区的水文地质条件,为地下水防治和应急处理提供了措施和方法。 相似文献
113.
Stakeholder participation is considered a key principle for sustainable development in the context of natural resource and disaster risk management. Participatory modelling (PM) is an interactive and iterative process in which stakeholder involvement is supported by modelling and communication tools. Planning and decision-making for sustainable development (SD)integrate three substantive dimensions − social, ecological and economic. The procedural dimension of SD, however, is equally important, and here we see great potential for PM. In this study, we evaluate five PM research projects against criteria for the procedural dimension of SD. This provides a basis for identifying key issues and needs for further research into PM for SD. While the cases show great potential, especially for supporting knowledge integration, learning and transparent handling of values and perspectives, they indicate a particular need to develop PM in respect of organizational integration. This issue is closely connected to the possibility of effectively implementing PM in practice. 相似文献
114.
Disaster preparedness and perception of flood risk: A study in an alpine valley in Italy 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Italy is a country highly vulnerable to floods and landslides. The present study aims to investigate disaster preparedness and perception of flood risk in a group of people living in an alpine valley in the north of Italy. Four hundred seven adult residents in nine communities exposed to hydrogeological risk were interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. Participants were asked about the adoption of a set of protective behaviors that can prevent negative consequences of floods. Perception of flood risk was assessed by means of a one-dimensional scale that was developed and validated by the authors. Items included in this scale asked participants to estimate likelihood of occurrence of different flood consequences and to express feelings of worry associated to them. Socio-demographic and experiential information on respondents were also collected. Overall, results showed that most of respondents were fairly well prepared to deal with a future flood disaster. Correlational and regression analyses indicated that disaster preparedness was positively associated with risk perception. In accordance with literature, there was not a significant relation between likelihood judgments and adoption of protective behaviors, while feelings of worry were associated with disaster preparedness. Authors interpret their results in relation to the socio-environmental characteristics of the studied communities. Theoretical, empirical and practical implications of the findings are also discussed. 相似文献
115.
灾害损失及灾害等级的确定 总被引:12,自引:3,他引:12
将灾害损失划分为属性指标和经济损失,将经济损失划分为财产损失、救灾费用和效益损失,将每种经济损失划分为内部经济损失和外部经济损失,在属性指标中考虑了损失持续时间的影响,还对灾害等级的定量计算方法进行了改进和完善. 相似文献
116.
自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
在论述了我国目前自然灾害等级划分和灾害分级管理的几种方法基础上,对自然灾害等级划分及灾害分级管理综合因素进行了分析认为:对自然灾害等级划分要统一评判指标─-以经济损失和人员伤亡为评判指标;建议在分级管理中采用灾害分级和灾损率两项指标;在灾害管理中建立科学的查灾、计灾、报交制度,加快灾害管理立法,走以法治灾之路. 相似文献
117.
自然灾害研究的新趋势——社会易损性分析 总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10
社会易损性分析在自然灾害及减灾中的重要性是近期才被认识到的。本文分析了自然灾害、易损性和灾难的概念,探讨了社会易损性的内容、分析评价方法及其应用。今后应充分注意社会易损性分析在自然灾害和减灾研究中的重要性,积极开展社会易损性分析和评价研究。 相似文献
118.
论地震灾害心理研究的内容与目标 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
依据1976年唐山大地震后的现场调查材料,考察了地震灾害给人造成的心理伤害,分析了震灾心理的形成机制和表现特征,提出了地震灾害心理研究的基本内容和目标,同时对地震灾害发生后实施心理救助的问题也做了一些探讨。 相似文献
119.
介绍了1995年日本阪神7.2级地震造成的河流损害、防止次生灾害采取的紧急对策及修复方案,以供我国研究防御地震次生灾害参考。 相似文献
120.
以人均相对灾害救济强度为指标,利用EOF方法分析了1978~1994年我国农村救灾款发放的时空分异规律,发现其5种主要空间分布形式;在东部地区,1984年以前华北救灾强度较东北和江南相对偏大,以后则相反。 相似文献