Prospects for improved hurricane protection on oceanic islands: Hawaii after Hurricane Iwa *

Hurricane Iwa (23rd November 1982) produced Hawaii's costliest natural disaster and revealed serious flaws in the area's hurricane preparedness, response and mitigation programs. Twenty-eight months later, a follow-up study showed that impacted communities and facilities had been reconstructed with only selective and limited attention to mitigating future coastal storm hazards. Prospects for the reduction of hazard vulnerability on oceanic islands through post-disaster mitigation measures are assessed in the light of Hawaii's experience.     

河北省人为土地灾害及减灾对策

针对河北省人为土地灾害较重的特点，概述了灾害的类型、分布及其危害，分析了致灾原因，提出减轻灾害、谋求可持续发展的对策。     

略论灾害救助中的政府行为

本文从必要性和重要性、政府职责、政府投入、政府组织等几方面论述和分析灾害救助中政府行为,进而指出政府灾害救助行为的发展趋势。     

From drought relief to post-disaster recovery: The case of Botswana

This article discusses the initiative of the Government of Botswana in formulating and introducing a programme to assist recovery in rural areas after the present drought period as an important aspect of the national development effort. It examines the process by which this Post Drought Recovery Programme was arrived at, its limitations, the extent of its appropriateness to longer-term factors which render rural households more vulnerable to drought, and suggests conclusions which may be drawn to inform the design of similar programmes elsewhere.     

Methods of increasing food self-sufficiency following disasters in the commonwealth Caribbean*

In the Caribbean, catastrophic events take their toll on food availability through loss of food crops and livestock, disruption in the channels of distribution and loss of foreign exchange earnings from export crops, which are used to procure imported foodstuffs. Nutritional consequences such as the protein energy malnutrition among children, pregnant and lactating women and hard-working males and females are likely to follow. Choice of crops and livestock systems following disasters should be such as to allow for a rapid rehabilitation of the agricultural production and distribution system to eliminate prolonged dependence on food aid. Opportunities should be provided for balanced meal plans including staples, legumes, vegetables, food from animals, fruits, oils and fats. These issues are addressed in this article.     

Lake Elsinore disaster: The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

A case study of a flood which occurred at Lake Elsinore, California, February, 1980, focuses upon the assistance which the community received during both the flood and recovery periods. Relevant literature on disaster research is examined, including a model of disaster recovery, and the study places the events which occurred din Lake Elsinore within that recovery model. Implications for policy include the recommendation that decision-makers consider the pre-disaster growth of the community indecisions to support recovery assistance.     

地震社会心理与防震减灾宣传

运用社会心理学的知识和以往研究结果，对社会公众对待有关地震事件的社会心理作了深入分析，并对新时期社会心理的时代特征作了初步探讨。综合上述分析，提出了防震减灾宣传工作首先要了解地震社会心理，并根据社会心理的时代特征进行创新的观点：防震减灾宣传工作要针对不同层次人群的不同社会心理和需求，要注意同一人群不同地震时期的不同的社会心理，还要注意不同宣传形式的作用和效果。据此，提出了针对不同人群和不同时期的社会心理、结合形式多样和具有时代特征的不同的防震减灾宣传策略。     

城市公共安全系统可靠性研究

城市公共安全体系由诸多子系统组成 ,其功能的实现依赖于城市公共安全系统的整体可靠性。笔者采用组合功能分析和过程分解的方法 ,对城市公共安全系统的功能、结构和组成进行了讨论 ;应用结构化功能-事件树的混合方法对城市公共安全系统的可靠性特征进行了定性分析 ;建立了城市公共安全系统可靠性模型 ,相应的数学模型可作为城市公共安全保障工作中预防为主的科学依据。据此可以得出 :城市公共安全系统中事故和灾害预防子系统的地位应优于事故预警、应急反应和灾害控制等后处理环节的结论 ,同时可以给出了城市规划中公共安全系统设计的建议。     

城市公共场所人群拥挤踩踏事故分析

城市公共场所人群高度聚集、流动性大,紧急状态时常发生群死群伤的拥挤踩踏事故,造成大量人员伤亡和恶劣的社会影响。笔者首先提出拥挤踩踏事故分析的一般方法,并用群集指数来表征人群高度聚集这一参量;通过对近年来国内外人群拥挤踩踏事故的分析,认为该类事故以人群高度聚集为条件,由公众造成又危害公众,具有诱因众多、发生突然、难以控制等特点;强调事故预防和控制重点是建立事故应急机制,加强人群的管理和疏导等;同时从公共场所的性能优化设计、人群素质和群集密度、人群管理控制以及信息交流等方面分析其事故原因及提出相应对策,对预防此类事故发生,减少群集伤亡有重要意义。     

充分发挥科技资料在防震减灾事业中的作用

为了充分发挥科技资料在防震减灾事业中的作用,就如何改进地震科技资料的管理方式、提高地震科技资料的管理水平、为防震减灾一线科研人员提供最满意的服务进行了论述.