废旧电池的污染与防治

我国每年有废弃电池近百亿只,大多数混入生活垃圾后被填埋或焚烧,成为污染地下水和大气的隐患.针对我国废旧电池处理现状,应加强对废电池的源头管理,建立废旧电池回收体系及管理体系,尽快确定一条废旧电池回收利用的有效途径,从根本上解决废旧电池对环境的污染.     

浅谈无公害蔬菜生产中的污染预防与检测

阐述无公害蔬菜的来由和环境污染对蔬菜生产的危害,国家为规范其生产所制订的规定和办法,并指明无公害蔬菜生产的现状.通过目前无公害蔬菜生产中存在的污染问题,结合农业经济可持续发展需要,以我国无公害蔬菜生产基地之一--永丰县为例,提出在无公害蔬菜生产中应净化产地环境建立示范基地、发展多种病虫害防治技术,研制新型农业生产资料等预防措施,并对生产产品的检测推行速测技术,以确保产品质量和食用安全要求.     

地质灾害生命损失灾情分析与对策

地质灾害每年造成最大可能死亡1500－2000人，除内蒙古，天津市，江苏省，上海市，香港，澳门以外，其余28个省（市，区）每年因地灾害均有不同程度的人员伤亡，据统计，全国实际发生地质灾害死亡人数：1995年死亡1230人，1996年死亡51人，1997年死亡108人，1998年死亡532人，2000年死亡142人（伤26975人）。各级政府必须加强地质灾害防治，保障人民群众生命财产的安全。（1）地质灾害防治，政府负总责，建立和完善领导责任制。（2）制定地质灾害防治规划，实施规划管理，分期分批治理。（3）将地质灾害防治资金列入预算，并建立多元化投资机制。（4）工程建设必须进行地质灾害危险性评估，发生地质灾害造成重大损失的，追究地方政府主要领导和有关部门负责人的责任。     

循环经济与清洁生产

论述了实施清洁生产、发展循环经济与可持续发展之间的关系及共同点，提出了在生产过程中以预防为主、将废物最少化、资源化、无害化的观点。     

CANADA'S EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING A NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION STRATEGY: A DELIBERATIVE DIALOGUE APPROACH

Canada is vulnerable to a wide range of natural and human-induced disasters. Recent experience with major natural disasters demonstrated that more needs to be done to protect Canadians from the impacts of future disasters. The Government of Canada, through the Department of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada, has conducted consultations with provinces, territories and stakeholders to develop a national disaster mitigation strategy (NDMS) aimed at enhancing Canada's capacity to prevent disasters before they occur and promoting the development of disaster-resilient communities. This paper provides an overview of Canada's emergency management and hazards context. It reports on the preliminary findings of consultations with stakeholders and evaluates the usefulness of the deliberative dialogue methodology that was used to facilitate the consultations. Examples that are illustrative of recent Canadian efforts on disaster mitigation and the challenges respecting the development and future implementation of a NDMS are also discussed.     

皱纹盘鲍筏式养殖中的污损生物及其防治

对我国北方海域皱纹盘鲍筏式养殖中出现的主要污损生物及其危害做了详尽的记述。介绍了从物理、化学和生物方面出发所采取的防治措施。指出运用不同种类混养等生物技术是兼顾防附着效果与保护生态环境的最佳方式。     

厌氧消化技术与“三湖”有机污染防治

有机污染是近年来“三湖”污染的一个显著特征，利用厌氧消化技术，特别是应用大中型沼气工程及氧生物净化处理工程处理有机污水，投资经济，效果明显，易于实施，具有广阔的前景。     

铁路建设期环境问题的研究

介绍了铁路的修建工程中对环境产生的影响与破坏的途径，同时结合京秦铁路的改造工程中的具体情况，提出了铁路修建与改造中预防环境污染的具体措施。     

德国垃圾的环境管理模式

德国对垃圾的环境管理主要采取先避免,在不可避免的情况下对垃圾进行再利用,对无法再利用的垃圾才进行处理,即"避免 再利用 处理"的管理理念。对垃圾的处理本着最大限度利用能量和降低对环境危害的目的,形成较为成熟技术方法。并较为全面介绍这种管理理念,以及与这种垃圾环境管理模式相对应措施。     

The prevention principle

Environmentally sound manufacture does not have its source only in developing and improving the techniques for treating solid, liquid and gaseous wastes at the end of the production process. Our experience shows that more effort and capital budgets must be devoted to developing preventive measures. Although the treatment techniques have become very advanced and meet ecological requirements to a very high degree, they are now reaching the limits of their technological and economic feasibility. Environmental protection at the production site has undergone structural change in recent years. The emphasis has shifted to preventive techniques which affect the production process itself, avoiding the emergence of waste at the “end of the pipe” by preventing its formation or recycling it straight away. This integrated approach is in harmony with the demands of sustainable production. The functions of in-process environmental protection measures need to be looked at as a whole from the points of view of both environmental protection and cost-effectiveness. Some integrated methods are described.