铁路建设期环境问题的研究

介绍了铁路的修建工程中对环境产生的影响与破坏的途径，同时结合京秦铁路的改造工程中的具体情况，提出了铁路修建与改造中预防环境污染的具体措施。     

德国垃圾的环境管理模式

德国对垃圾的环境管理主要采取先避免,在不可避免的情况下对垃圾进行再利用,对无法再利用的垃圾才进行处理,即"避免 再利用 处理"的管理理念。对垃圾的处理本着最大限度利用能量和降低对环境危害的目的,形成较为成熟技术方法。并较为全面介绍这种管理理念,以及与这种垃圾环境管理模式相对应措施。     

The prevention principle

Environmentally sound manufacture does not have its source only in developing and improving the techniques for treating solid, liquid and gaseous wastes at the end of the production process. Our experience shows that more effort and capital budgets must be devoted to developing preventive measures. Although the treatment techniques have become very advanced and meet ecological requirements to a very high degree, they are now reaching the limits of their technological and economic feasibility. Environmental protection at the production site has undergone structural change in recent years. The emphasis has shifted to preventive techniques which affect the production process itself, avoiding the emergence of waste at the “end of the pipe” by preventing its formation or recycling it straight away. This integrated approach is in harmony with the demands of sustainable production. The functions of in-process environmental protection measures need to be looked at as a whole from the points of view of both environmental protection and cost-effectiveness. Some integrated methods are described.     

论生活垃圾处理与污染防治技术

详细分析了国内外生活垃圾污染途径和处理方法，根据中国生活垃圾的现状和特点，就国内外现有不同处理方式，提出了较为町行的生恬垃圾卫生填埋和污染防治技术。     

湘南地区天草主要病虫害发生特点及综合防治

天草主要病害有炭疽病、煤烟病、日灼病和缺素症,主要害螨害虫有红蜘蛛、锈壁虱、蚜虫、潜叶蛾、柑桔象虫类、柑桔凤蝶和介壳虫类.文章总结了这些主要病虫害在天草上发生特点、时期及防治方法.     

Factors related to youth self-efficacy for injury prevention bicycle skills

Introduction: Bicycle riding is a common activity for children, but they are prone to bicycle-related injuries. It is well-established that injury prevention measures such as wearing a helmet and correctly riding a bicycle can reduce the severity of an injury and the likelihood of having an accident. However, how to increase bicycle injury prevention behaviors among children, who collectively fail to engage in injury prevention behaviors, is less well understood. Self-efficacy is consistently predictive of injury prevention behavior, making it an important approach to understanding injury prevention skills among this key population. The objective of this study was to explore and identify factors internal to the child as well as factors about his or her environment that predict a child’s self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Method: Two generalized linear mixed effects models were created from survey data collected from elementary school students (n = 2,255) as part of a school-based bicycle education program. Models focused on self-efficacy for riding a bicycle and self-efficacy for wearing a helmet correctly. Results: In both models, road safety knowledge, opportunity for skill building through owning appropriate equipment (a bicycle or helmet), and situation through perception of neighborhood safety were predictive. The analyses reveal these variables as key factors for greater confidence, with feeling safe riding in the neighborhood, in particular, emerging as highly predictive of self-efficacy for injury prevention skills. Conclusions: These findings highlight the interplay of individual and environmental factors within confidence for injury prevention behavior. Given self-efficacy’s strong relationship to prevention behavior, these findings indicate actionable strategies. Practical Applications: The key factors highlighted in this study can be used by policymakers to target specific areas (e.g., neighborhood safety) to promote self-efficacy and thus improve injury prevention. These factors can also inform strategies for establishing safety skills in bicycle-safety education programs.     

时空效应下不同孔径超前钻孔有效排放半径研究*

为解决煤矿在施工过程中局部防突问题,进行现场实测并结合数值模拟计算,研究瓦斯排放钻孔影响半径在不同排放时间和不同超前钻孔直径影响下的变化规律。研究结果表明:对于同一孔径的钻孔,在一定时间内影响半径随着时间的增加而增加,不同直径的钻孔呈不同的函数关系;对于不同的孔径,影响半径随着钻孔直径的增加而增加,研究结果可为矿井作业中治理煤与瓦斯局部突出提供重要参考。     

基于事故案例的Natech事件演化模式及风险分析*

为探究非巨灾型Natech事件演化模式并降低发生风险,基于164个事故案例,归纳出6种典型演化路径,构建非巨灾型Natech事件演化模式分析框架,并基于突发事件关联网络,分析影响Natech事件风险的水平关键节点及潜在发生路径。结果表明:暴雨灾害是对全局影响力最强的节点,与人为异动的协同作用最显著;电力事故Natech链路径较长;水污染事故是较容易被自然灾害或首发事故触发的事件。     

Zn composite corrosion resistance coatings: What works and what does not work?

Corrosion is one of the most significant contributors to structural degradation in process industries. It causes process equipment failure, which can led to severe safety issues. One approach to address this concern is to provide a preventive barrier-coating to equipment. Due to its superior reductive property, zinc is usually employed as a sacrificial anode in conventional corrosion-resistance methods. Nickel is also used to both mechanically strengthen the barrier and improve overall corrosion resistance; therefore, zinc, zinc-nickel alloys, and zinc-nickel-oxide composite coatings are commonly employed for anti-corrosion purposes. The complexation of zinc and nickel ions by agents (citrate, acetate and EDTA) can stabilize the electrodeposition bath and extend the pH of Ni(OH)₂ and ZnO precipitation to improve corrosion resistance in the resultant coating. This paper reviews the challenge with these type of coatings and presents progress in Zn and Zn-Ni composite corrosion resistance coatings co-deposited with Al₂O₃, TiO₂, ZrO₂, SiO₂, and Fe₂O₃ as means of corrosion control to reduce the probability of process equipment failure due to corrosion, which will improve the overall safety and reliability of processing equipment.     

无火焰泄放装置性能检测技术研究*

为有效提高无火焰泄放装置产品质量特性和应用技术,避免或减轻爆炸事故发生造成的灾害程度,选择玉米淀粉粉尘为测试粉尘,采用1 m3爆炸罐进行扇形无火焰泄放装置爆炸泄放实验。结果表明:扇形无火焰泄放装置不适合重复使用。当扇形无火焰泄放装置重复进行爆炸泄放实验时,爆炸罐内压力会呈现升高趋势,而外场压力和温度呈现下降趋势,且阻火元件孔隙内残留大量玉米淀粉粉尘燃烧后生成的炭黑以及积聚部分高温燃烧的粉尘,致使阻火元件损坏失效。